现在完成时表示在说话时刚刚结束的某一动作或状态,强调对现在的影响,由“助动词have/has +动词的过去分词”构成。翻译成汉语时通常会用到“已经”等字样。
We have learned five English songs this term.
这学期我们已经学了五首英文歌曲。
I have seen this movie.
我已经看过这部电影。
注意have /has been to; have /has/ gone to ;have / has been in 的区别。
I have been toBeijing three times.
我去过北京三次。(曾经去过某地现在已回来)
-Where is Linda? I haven’t seen her for two days.
-She has gone to London for holiday. She will be back next week.
-琳达哪儿去了?我两天没看见她了。
-她到伦敦度假去了。下周回来。(某人到某地去了,现在不在这里)
We havebeen inthis city for 10 years.
我们在这个城市里生活了10年了。(表示状态)
辨析:have been in, have gone to 与have been to
been是系动词be的过去分词形式。be有多种形式:一般现在时态形式是am, is, are,过去式是was, were, 现在分词形式是being。
have been in… 在……多长时间了
I have been in the cinema for three hours.
我在电*里待了3个小时。
三者都是现在完成时态,“have been to+地点”表示去过某处,现在已经回来,不在那里了;而“have gone to+地点”则表示到某处去了,现在还没有回来,可能在去的途中,也可能在那里或返回的途中;“have been in+地点”表示某人在某处待了多长时间。试比较:
He has been to Beijing. 他去过北京。(现在不在北京)
He has gone to Beijing. 他去北京了。(现在在北京或在途中)
He has been in Beijing for two years. 他在北京两年了。
八、Would you mind…? 你介意做……吗?
这是英语中委婉请求的表达方式,语气委婉、客气、礼貌,易于对方接受。
其结构是would you mind+动名词+其他?
注意针对该句型的回答,英汉有别。如果表示“不介意”,常说“No, not at all/please do/go ahead/certainly not”;表示“介意”,则用“I’m sorry, but I do/I’d rather you didn’t/you’d better not”等。如:
—Would you mind my asking you a few questions? 请教您几个问题好吗?
—No, please do. 不介意,请讲。
又如:
—Would you mind if I took this seat? 我可以坐这个座位吗?
—Sorry, but it’s been taken. 对不起,这个位置有人坐。
在3a中小结了几种请求帮助的句子结构,请注意。
肯定结构:
Would you mind+doing…?
Could you please+do…?
Would you please+do?
Please+do…
否定结构:
Would you mind not doing…?
Could you please not do…?
Would you please not do…?
Please don’t do…
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