(备考词汇专攻)2015届中考英语小复习 191-200(10份10组专题) §191 fill/ full Ⅰ.fill为及物动词,表“使……满”,常与介词with搭配,表达“被……充满”时用be filled with结构。如: ① The bottle is filled with water. 这只瓶子装满了水。 ② He was filled with joy at the news. 听到这个消息,他内心充满了喜悦。 Ⅱ.full是形容词,多作表语,表示主语所处的状态,常见于be full of 结构中。如: ① The schoolbag is full of books. 书包里装满了书。 ② He drew in an old badsket full of sand. 他捞上来一个灌满泥沙的旧蓝子。 [注]:be filled with = be full of .可以互换。但介词with与of 不能混淆。如: The room is full of people. = The room is filled with people. §192 final/ last Ⅰ.final表终止或结束之意,有时带有决定性或结论性等意味。如: ① Today is the final day of this term. 今天是本学期的最后一天。 ② We shall know the final results of the elections tomorrow. 明天我们将知道选举的最后结果。 Ⅱ.last “最后的、末尾的”指按次序的前后或时间的先后居于最后,并意味着后面不再有了。如: ① My house stands in the last row. ② He was the last one to enter. §193 finally/ at last/ in the end 这三个都可以作“最后”讲,但用法不同。 Ⅰ.finally表动作的发生顺序是在“最后”,无感情色彩,只用于过去时,它居句首时较多。 Ⅱ.at last 表经过一定曲折之后某事才发生,强调努力的结果,带有较强的感情色彩,须用一般过去时。 Ⅲ.in the end 表事物发展的自然顺序的“终结”,有时或与 finally相互替换,但用于对将来的预测,则只能用in the end。如: ① Did the man in the shop understand him at last? ② Finally he went to see the famous man himself. ③ I hope that everything will turn out all right in the end. §194 famous as / famous for Ⅰ. (be) famous as “以(某种身份)……出名(著名)”as后跟人宾语往往与主语同位。如: ① She is famous as a poet. 他以一名诗人而著名。 ② The town is famous as a car-making place. 该城镇以制造汽车而闻名。 Ⅱ. (be) famouse for “困……而闻名(驰名)”表示由于某种特征而出名,for后的宾语一般为主语人从属内容。如: ① China has been famous for its silk. 中国素以丝绸闻名。 ② This city is famous for its big gambling resort. 该市因其大赌场而驰名。 §195 fix/ mend/ repair Ⅰ. 这三个词都可译为“修理”,但fix 一词在美语中应用更广泛。fix 和repair 一样,都表示使受到一定损坏或失灵的东西恢复其性状或机能,如“修理、安装”钟表、收音机、照相机、电视机、汽车和机床等大型物体。repair 还可以用于修筑堤坝、道路和建筑等。如: a Ⅱ mend 一般用于“修补”破损的东西使其恢复原样,一般指较小之物。如衣服、鞋袜、伞和桌椅等。如: mend §196foolish/ silly / stupid Ⅰ.foolish 的意思是“愚蠢的、傻的”,指显得缺乏判断力或普通常识的人或言行等。如: ① How foolish of you to condent! 你竟会同意,多么愚蠢啊! ② Don’t be so foolish. 别那么傻。 ③ He is a foolish man to throw away such a chance. 他放弃这样的机会真是个傻瓜。 Ⅱ.silly的意思是“愚蠢的、傻的”,表示愚蠢到了极点,以致令人发笑或轻视,它还常常表示没有意思、无聊等意义。如: ① How silly of you to do that! 你竟做那件事,多么愚蠢啊! ② That is a silly story. 那是一个无聊的故事。 Ⅲ.stupid的意思是“愚蠢的、笨的”,指智力差,觉察理解力、学习能力等差。它有时可与foolish或silly通用,但其意味最强。如: ① He is a stupid person. 他是个蠢人。 ② How stupid of him to overlook such an obvious mistake. 如此明显的错误他居然都没有看出来,多么愚蠢呀! §197for short/ short for Ⅰ.for short意为“简称”、“缩写”,是介词词组,常用作状语,如: ① The teacher told Tom to write the text for short. 老师要汤姆缩写课文。 。。。 。。。Ⅱ.short for意为“是的缩写”与be 动词连用,构成系表结构作谓语,如: ① “There’re” is short for “there are”. §198 from now on/ from then on from now on“从现在起”,是以现在为起点延续下去,谓语通常用将来时态。from then on“从那时起”,是以过去为起点延续下来,谓语通常用过去时态和完成时态。如: ① She is going to live with you from now on. 从现在起我将刻苦学习。 ② From then on, he hasn’t seen his uncle again. 从那以后他再也没有看见他叔叔了。 §199 game/ match/ race/ sport Ⅰ. game 主要指决定胜负的游戏,通常有一套规则,凡参加者均须遵守。如: ① After a game on the wports field they often become good friends. 他们在运动场上进行一场比赛之后,常常变成了好朋友。 [注]:说“比赛”, 在英国通常用match,在美国通常用game.另外game 的复数形式一般指大型的国际比赛或综合性体育运动会。如:the Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会。 Ⅱ.match 表示相互间正式的体育比赛、球类比赛,英国人常用。 ① They are going to have a volleyball match. 他们将进行一场排球赛。 Ⅲ. race 主要用于赛跑、赛车等速度比赛。如: ① Who can win the relay race, Class 3 or Class 4? 谁能赢这场接力赛,三班还是四班? Ⅳ. sport 多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动,如打球,跳高,游泳,钓鱼,打猎,赛马和拳术等。如: ① Swimming is his favourite sport. 游泳是他最喜欢的运动项目。 ② Skating is one of the winter sports. 滑冰是一个冬季运动项目。 [注]复数形式sports可指运动会。如: ③ He created a new record in high-jump at our school sports. 在我们学校的运动会上,他创造了跳高新纪录。 §200gift/ present Ⅰ.gift“礼物”指较正式的礼物。如: The watch was a gift from his father. Ⅱ.present往往与gift通用,但不如gift正式。如: ① I’m buying it for a present, so please wrap it up nicely. 我买这东西是作礼物送人的,请你包扎得好一点。 ② He gave me the book as a present. 他给我这本书作为礼物。 本文来源:https://www.wddqw.com/doc/078c3dab5b8102d276a20029bd64783e08127dd3.html