经济这一词来源于希腊语，其意思为“管理一个家庭的人”。唯物主义代表色诺芬在他的《经济论》中将“家庭”及“管理”两词的结合理解为经济。严复曾将经济一词翻为生计。日本人将其正式翻为经济，后由孙中山先生从日将这一说法引入中国。经济是人类社会的物质基础。与政治是人类社会的上层建筑一样，是构建人类社会并维系人类社会运行的必要条件。其具体含义随语言环境的不同而不同，大到一国的国民经济，小到一家的收入支出，有时候用来表示财政状态，有时候又会用去表示生产状态。 An economy consists of the economic system of a country or other area; the labor, capital and land resources; and the manufacturing, trade, distribution, and consumption of goods and services of that area. An economy may also be described as a spatially limited and social network where goods and services are exchanged according to demand and supply between participants by barter or a medium of exchange with a credit or debit value accepted within the network. A given economy is the end result of a process that involves its technological evolution, history and social organization, as well as its geography, natural resource endowment, and ecology, as main factors. These factors give context, content, and set the conditions and parameters in which an economy functions. Today the range of fields of study examining the economy revolve around the social science of economics, but may include sociology (economic sociology), history (economic history), anthropology (economic anthropology), and geography (economic geography). Practical fields directly related to the human activities involving production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of goods and services as a whole, range from engineering to management and business administration to applied science to finance. All professions, occupations, economic agents or economic activities, contribute to the economy. Consumption, saving, and investment are variable components in the economy and determine market equilibrium. There are three main sectors of economic activity: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Due to the growing importance of the financial sector in modern times, the term real economy is used by analystsas well as politicians to denote the part of the economy that is concerned with actually producing goods and services, as ostensibly contrasted with the paper economy, or the financial side of the economy, which is concerned with buying and selling on the financial markets. Alternate and long-standing terminology distinguishes measures of an economy expressed in real values (adjusted for inflation), such as real GDP, or in nominal values (unadjusted for inflation). 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/121805d680eb6294dd886c0a.html