Tourism as an Exit Strategy at Crisis Times Angela Besana;Anna Maria Bagnasco 【期刊名称】《应用科学（英文）》 【年(卷),期】2015(5)3 【摘 要】The contemporary crisis is giving evidence of failing macroeconomic theories and policies, after decades of focusing on the aggregate domestic demand and the role of the public expenditure. The contemporary crisis has shown the weakness of fiscal policy. With very low interest rates, the monetary policy does not seem to provide an alternative exit strategy out of the crisis, too. In this paper we discuss the hypothesis that GDP can still be a reliable estimate of growth. Nevertheless, at crisis times, only if the focus is on the foreign demand like International Tourism Receipts and Exports, and Exports can be an exit strategy. One component of Exports and International Tourism Receipts are worthy of attention. Thanks to a cluster analysis of per year variations of International Tourism Receipts (ITRs), GDP and Exports (World Bank Database) from 2007 to 2011, average positive variations of GDPs are matching with positive ITRs and Exports for “clusters” of countries. Performances of Europe and USA are worse than China, Brazil, India and South Africa and these continents and countries are separated in two different clusters. This result can be related to an increase of trade in emerging economies more than in mature ones, whose exit out of the crisis is much more demanding. The research confirms that Tourism and Exports are having an impact on the growth at different intensities (Europe and America vs. Asia) at crisis times. 【总页数】7页(P91-97) 【关键词】Macroeconomics;International;Tourism;Receipts;GDP;Export;Cluster;Analysis 【作 者】Angela Besana;Anna Maria Bagnasco 【作者单位】Department of Business, Economics and Law, IULM University, Milan, Italy 【正文语种】中 文 【中图分类】R73 【相关文献】 1.Discursive Strategies for Crisis Management:A Case Study of the John-son & Johnson TYLENOL® Crisis [J], ZHANG Yi-ran 2.Exit selection strategy in pedestrian evacuation simulation with multi-exits [J], Yue Hao;Zhang Bin-Ya;Shao Chun-Fu;Xing Yan 3.FROM THE FINANCIAL CRISIS TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC:THE DIRECTION OF JAPAN’S FOREIGN STRATEGY IN TIMES OF GREAT CHANGES [J], YANG BOJIANG;GAO CHENGHAO 4.Discursive Strategies for Crisis Management:A Case Study of the Johnson & Johnson TYLENOL? Crisis [J], 张一然 5.Medical students as disaster volunteers:A strategy for improving emergency department surge response in times of crisis [J], R Ponampalam;Jeremy Zhenwen Pong;Xiang-Yi Wong 因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/1527f132f6335a8102d276a20029bd64783e620c.html