四级强化笔记（作文） ㈠文字 ①语言的高级化 beautiful=elegent ②语言的文学性 ugly=intresting face=have a face that would stop a clock ㈡结构（每个结构出现一次） ①定语从句 非限+V（修饰灵活）限定（修饰） ②见到时间用 not until the nos was built/set up/found/established in 1993. Not until 1993 was the nos built. It was not until 1993 that the nos was built. ③强调（除了谓语，都可以做结构上的强调） I love you. It is I who love you. It is you who(m) I love. I do love you. ④插入①I,for example(for instance无意),love you。 ②众所周之 ㈢主题（三段） ①短小而精彩 ②庞大而正确 ③短小而精彩 ㈠问题，整个句子的扩展（开头） ①很明显的是 it is as clear as the writing on the wall that =it is obvious that ②据我所知 based on what I know. ③毫无疑问 it is beyond a shadow of doubt that… =there is no doubt that… 与时俱进 develop with the changing situation 改革开放 along with the reform and opening up to the outside world 一个词在前后两个句中都出现时可以用非限 I am a student. I was born in 1979. I, who am a student, was born in 1979. I, who was born in 1979, am a student. ㈡正反对比 谚语(just as the proverb says/as the saying goes/an ancient philosophor has said)every coin has two sides. that is to say, there is no agreement among citizens. Some believe that…, while, others taking the opposite stand,firmly hold the view that… ① First- second- third- ② firstly secondly thirdly ③ to begin with, 主 if 过去 现在 将来 Would have done Would do Would do 从 If had done If did If were to do It ① it +be+adj.+for(sb./sth)to do ② it +be+done+that it is known that ③ it+be+n.+that it is common knowledge/sense that ③ it +appear/seem+that 1．关于这个问题的解释有许多如下因素 the answer to this problem involves a vide variety of factors as follows. 2. 这是在社会不断调整过程中必然出现的一个问题 this is an inevitable problem under the stage of the constant adjustment of the society 3. 考虑到这个问题带来的危害，该是我们采取措施的时候了 considering the harmfulness brought by sth. It is time the we(did) took great measures to keep it from doing 4. 总而言之 in conclusion/summary/brief/auinall/above mentioned 5. A more than anything else 而不是其他… 6. A, it is ture , 7. basically 基本上来说 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/163a67175f0e7cd18425362e.html