英语单词词性转换规则 一、动词(v.)→名词(n.) 1、词尾加上-er或-or之后就变成了表示"某一类人"的名词 例如:work—worker, teach—teacher, sing—singer, jump—jumper, play—player, learn—learner, visit—visitor, invent—inventor,collect—collector等. 注意:1)以不发音的e结尾的动词,在词尾加-r. 例如:drive—driver, write—writer等. 2)以辅音字母开头并以元音字母加辅音字母结尾的单词，应双写末尾的辅音字母再加er。 例如：run—runner, win—winner,begin—beginner等. 2.在动词词尾加上-ment 变成名词 例如:achieve—achievement (成就) advertise—advertisement//advertising(广告) agree—agreement disagree—disagreement amuse—amusement (娱乐) improve—improvement(争吵) commit(奉献)—commitment develop—development (发展) 有些单词比较特殊,需把动词后的e去掉再加ment. 例如:argue—argument(争论) 3.在动词词尾加上-(t)ion/(s)ion变成名词 例如: attract—attraction; instruct—instruction; invent—invention discuss—discussion; express—expression educate—education; graduate—graduation; operate—operation (去e再加"ion") compete—competition; organize—organization (把e改成其他字母再加"tion") decide—decision conclude—conclusion (把de改为s再加"ion") describe—description描写,描绘 (这是特例,不规则变化) 4.在动词词尾加上-ance变成名词 例如: appear—appearance (外貌;出现) perform—performance (演出) accept—acceptance (接受) 5.在动词词尾加-ing变成名词 (方法与动词变为现在分词的方法相同) 例如:meet—meeting build—building wait—waiting bathe—bathing say—saying(谚语) mean—meaning 注意:以辅音字母开头并以元音字母加辅音字母结尾的单词，应双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ing 如:swim—swimming shop—shopping begin—beginning 6.其他一些比较特殊的变化 例如: Beg(乞讨)—beggar(乞丐) behave(行为举止)—behavior know(知道)—knowledge(知识) fly—flight (飞行) sit(坐)—seat (座位) succeed—success(成功) tour—tour(旅游)/ tourist (游客) 二、动词(v.)→形容词(adj.) 1.动词后面加able,以e结尾的动词则去e加able,表示具有此性质,特点或属性. 例如: afford－affordable；love－lovable 2.动词后面加ed,以e结尾的动词则直接加d,表示被动性的属性或特点. 例如: scatter－scattered use－used 3不规则的动词则必须记忆,记住其过去分词形式.规律不大,意义同(b). 三.名词(n.)→形容词(adj.) 1.在名词后面加-y可以变成形容词(尤其是一些与天气有关的名词) 例如: rain—rainy, cloud—cloudy, wind—windy, snow—snowy, health—healthy, luck—lucky,anger—angry guilt—guilty(内疚的) tourist—touristy(游客多的) , salt (盐)—salty (咸的) silk(丝绸)—silky(丝绸般的), sleep—sleepy (昏昏欲睡的) 注意:1)如果以辅音字母开头并以元音字母加辅音字母结尾,这时应双写辅音字母再加"-y". 如: sun—sunny, fun—funny, fog—foggy(有雾的), fur—furry(毛皮的) 2)少数以不发音的e结尾的名词变为形容词时,应去掉e再加"-y". 如: noise—noisy, ice—icy, shine—shiny(发亮的), taste(口味)—tasty(甜的) 2.名词后面加-ed,以e结尾的直接加d. 例如: spot(斑点)—spotted(有斑点的); talent—talented (有天赋的) organize—organized 有组织的; balance—balanced(平衡的) 3.一些抽象名词在词尾加-ful可以变为形容词 例如:care—careful, thank—thankful, help—helpful, use—useful, meaning—meaningful 4.在名词后加-less构成含有否定意义的形容词 例如:care—careless(粗心的), use—useless(无用的) hope—hopeless(没希望的)，home—homeless(无家可归的) 5.一些以-ce结尾的名词,把-ce改为-t变成形容词 例如: difference—different, silence—silent, confidence—confident 6.在名词后加-ly变为形容词 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/1e4f1161cc84b9d528ea81c758f5f61fb73628d3.html