人教版八年级英语下册1-5单元知识点归纳
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Unit 1 What’s the matter? 一、短语归纳 1. have a cold 感冒 2. have a stomachache 胃痛 3. have a fever 发烧 4. have a cough 咳嗽 5. have a toothache 牙痛 6. have a headache 头痛 7. have a sore back 背痛= have a backache 8. have a sore throat 喉咙痛 9. talk too much 说得太多 10. see a dentist 看牙医 11. go to a doctor 看医生 12. get an X-ray 拍X光 13. lie down 躺下 14. lie down and rest 躺下休息 15. have a rest 休息 16. take a break 休息=take breaks 17. take your temperature 量你的体温 18. hurt herself 伤到她自己 19. cut myself 切到我自己 20. cut off 切除 cut down 砍到 cut up 切断 cut out 删除 21. get off 下车 22. make a decision 做决定 23. to my surprise 令我惊讶的是 24. on the weekend在周末=on weekends 25. in the same way 以相同的方式 26. without thinking twice 毫不犹豫 27. thanks to 多亏 thanks for 因…而感谢(+名词/动词ing) 1 28. in time 及时 on time 按时 29. save a life 挽救生命 30. get into trouble 陷入麻烦 31. right away 马上 32. fall down 跌倒 33. wait for 等待 34. be interested in doing sth. 对做某事感兴趣 35. give up 放弃 二、用法集萃 1. 询问有什么病或有什么麻烦:What’ s the matter (with sb.)? 2. 疾病的表达:have/has a+疾病名称 3. 太多:too much +不可数名词; too many + 可数名词复数形式 太:much too +形容词 4. enough 足够的:①形容词+enough ②enough +名词 ③it is enough +to do sth. 5. lie 躺下 过去式:lay 现在分词:lying 6. see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事(正在进行) see sb. do sth. 看见某人做了某事(看见动作的全过程) 7. expect to do sth. 期望做某事 8. need to do sth. 需要做某事 9. help sb. ( to ) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 10. tell sb. ( not ) to do sth. 告诉某人(不要)做某事 11. ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事 12. want to do sth. 想要做某事 13. agree to do sth.同意做某事 disagree to do sth. 不同意做某事 agree with sb. 同意某人的意见 14. trouble问题;麻烦 have trouble/problem doing sth. 做某事有困难 15. 介词+doing 常见的介词有:at; for; with; without; in about 2 16. be/ get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 17. keep on doing sth. 继续做某事 18. mind doing tsh. 介意做某事 19. 反身代词: myself 我自己 yourself 你自己 himself 他自己 herself 她自己 itself 它自己 复数:ourselves 我们自己 yourselves 你们自己 themselves 他们自己 20. knife-knives 刀 名词复数规则变化: ① 一般情况+s ② 以e结尾+s ③ 以s、x、ch、sh结尾+es ④ 以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i+es ⑤ 以o结尾,有生命+es; 无生命+s ⑥ 以f/fe结尾,变f/fe为v+es 不规则变化: foot-feet脚、足 tooth-teeth 牙齿 man-men男人 woman-women女人 mouse-mice老鼠 21. important 重要的 importance 重要性 different 不同的 difference 差异性 22. death 死亡(名词) die 死(动词) dead 死的(形容词) 三、书面表达 How to keep healthy如何保持健康 Health is important. Everyone wants to be healthy. Let me tell you how to keep healthy. First of all, we should eat healthy food. We should eat more vegetables and fruit. We also need to drink milk. Secondly, we should exercise a lot. We should do some sports after school. Finally, we should have enough sleep. To have a good rest, we should go to bed early and get up early. I think it is important for us to keep healthy. 3 Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks. 一、 短语归纳 1. clean up 打扫干净 cheer up 使兴起来 代词放中间 2. give out 分发 3. hand out 分发 4. come up with 想出;提出(idea、plan等) 5. put off 推迟 put on穿衣服 put up 张贴 put away 把…收好 6. call up 打电话;征召 7. used to do sth. 曾经做某事 be used to ding sth.习惯于做某事 8. lonely孤独的(常用于feel之后) alone 独自一人 9. care for 照顾= take care of 10. a feeling of satisfaction 一种满足感 11. try out 参加…选拔 12. raise money 募捐 13. fix up修理 14. give away 赠送(money、old clothes/books等) give up 放弃 15. take after (外貌或行为)像 16. be similar to 与…相似 17. set up 建立 18. make a difference 影响;有作用 19. disabled people 残疾人 20. make a plan 制定计划 21. old people’s home 养老院 22. help out with sth. 帮助解决困难 23. a book lover 书迷 24. at the age of 在…岁时 25. come true 实现(与dream连用) 26. at the same time 同时 4 27. homeless people 无家可归的人 28. be worried about 为…而担心 worry about 担心 29. for example 例如 30. run out of 用完 31. not…any more 不再 32. at once立刻;马上= right away 二、用法集萃 1. volunteer to do sth 自愿做某事 2. difficult 困难的 difficulty 困难 have difficulty ( in ) doing sth.做某事有困难 3. excited 兴奋的(人作主语) exciting 使人兴奋的(物作主语) 口诀:人+ed 物+ing 4. 疑问词(how, what, where)+to do 5. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 名词形式:decision make a decision 做决定 6. learn to do sth. 学习做某事 7. a good way to do sth. 做某事的好方法 8. would like to do sth.= want to do sth. 想要做某事 9. thank you for sth./doing sth. 因某事/做某事而感谢 10. kind善良的 kindness善意 Unit3 Could you please clean your room? 一、 短语归纳 1. do the dishes 清洗餐具 2. take out the rubbish 倒垃圾 3. fold the clothes 叠衣服 fold my/your/his clothes 4. sweep the floor 扫地 5 5. make the bed 铺床 make my/your/his bed 6. clean the living room 打扫客厅 7. help out with sth. 帮助解决某事 8. at least 至少 9. come over 过来;顺便来访 10. in front of 在…前面 11. take the dog for a walk 遛狗 12. all the time 一直 13. as soon as 一…就… 14. in surprise 惊讶地 15. hang out 闲逛 16. do chores 做家务 17. a waste of time 浪费时间 18. in order to 为了 19. get good grades 取得好成绩 20. depend on 依靠 21. take care of = care for= look after 照顾 22. as a result 结果 23. fall ill 生病 二、用法集萃 1. finish doing sth.完成做某事 2. if 如果(主将从现,if后为从句,用一般现在时);是否(位于动词之后) 3. as soon as 一…就…. 主将从现,as soon as后为从句 4. reply angrily 生气地回答(副词修饰动词,一般位于动词之后)a beautiful dog一只漂亮的狗(形容词修饰,名词,位于名词前) 口诀:形名动副 5. be angry with sb. 生某人的气 6. as +形容词原级+ as 和…一样 7. neither did I 我也没有 6 neither + be动词/助动词(do/does/did)/情态动词+主语 “主语也不…..” so + be动词/助动词(do/does/did)/情态动词+主语 “主语也…” 8. can-could 可以 can, could还可以表示请求,could比can更有礼貌 肯定回答:Sure. /Of course. / No problem. / Yes, sure. 否定回答:No, you can’t. / Sorry, I can’t. 9. ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事 10. borrow…from…跟…借(借进来) lend…to…把…借给…. (借出去) 11. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 12. help with sth. help sb. ( to ) do tsh. 帮助做某事 13. have time to do sth. 有时间做某事 have no time to do sth.没时间做某事 14. let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 15. make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 16. spend花费 人+spend+时间+on sth/doing sth 在某事上花时间/花时间做某事 cost花费 物+cost+金钱$ 某物花了多少钱 take(took )花费 It takes/took sb. +时间+ to do . 做某事花了某人多少时间 pay for 付费 17. it is + adj ( for sb. ) + to do sth. 做某事对某人而言是…的 18. fair 公平的 unfair 不公平的 fairness公平性 19. do one’s part in doing sth. 尽自己的职责做某事 20. the + 比较级, the + 比较级 越... 越… 比较级 and 比较级 越…越… the earlier…the better 越早越好 better and better 越来越好 7 Unit4 Why don’t you talk to your parents? 一、短语归纳 1. talk to /with sb. 与某人交谈 talk about sth. 谈论某事 2. free time 空闲时间 3. allow ab. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 allow doing sth. 允许做某事 4. hang out 闲逛 5. get into a fight 争吵;打架 6. so that 为了;以便于 7. look through 浏览;快速查看 8. work out 成功地发展;解决 9. get on with/get along with 和睦相处 10. communicate with sb. 与某人交谈 11. a big deal 重要的事 12. compete with sb. 与某人竞争 13. exam skills 应试技巧 14. cut out 删除 15. compare…with… 比较 16. not..until 直到…才 17. argue with sb. 与某人争吵 18. no problem 没问题 19. not..anymore 不再 20. in my opinion 依我看 21. thanks for 因…而感谢 22. all kinds of 各种各样的 23. worry about 为…而担心= be worried about 8 二、用法集萃 1. 提建议句型: ① You should / shouldn’t do sth. ② How / What about doing sth.? ③ Why don’t you do sth.? ④ Why not do sth.? ⑤ Shall we do sth.? ⑥ Let’s do sth. ⑦ You’d better do sth. ⑧ Would you mind doing sth.? 常见回答:Good idea./ Sounds interesting./ I’d like to./ Great. 否定:I’d love to, but I have to…/ Sorry, I can’t. 2. be angry with sb. 生某人的气 3. although/though 虽然 不与but连用 4. advice 建议(不可数名词) 5. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 6. instead 代替;反而(位于句首或句尾) instead of 代替(位于句中) 7. offer to help 提供帮助 8. mind doing sth. 介意做某事 9. continue to do /doing ath. 继续做某事 10. keep on doing sth. 继续做某事 11. a few 一些(肯定) few 一点点(否定) 修饰可数名词复数形式 a little 一些(肯定)little一点点(否定) 修饰不可数名词 做题步骤:先看横线后的名词,判断可数还是不可数;其次,理解句子表达的肯定还是否定 12. it’s time for sth. 该做某事了=it’s time to do sth. 13. compete 竞争(动词) competition 竞争(名词) 14. have time to do sth.有时间做某事 9 Unit5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came? 一、 短语归纳 1. go off 闹钟发出响声 2. rain heavily 下大雨 3. pick up 接电话;采摘 4. at first 起先 5. fall asleep 进入梦乡 6. die down 逐渐变弱 7. have a look 看一看 8. make one’s way 费力地前进 9. in silence 沉默 10. take down 拆除;往下拽;记录 11. at the time of … 当….的时候 12. wait for 等待 13. at that time 在那时(一般过去时标志词) 14. wake up 醒来 15. go shopping 去购物 16. take a shower 洗澡 17. in a mess 乱七八糟 18. for example 例如 19. make sure 确保 二、用法集萃 1. 过去进行时 定义:表示在过去某一时刻或某一时间段正在进行的动作。 构成:was/ were +动词ing 否定形式:wasn’t = was not weren’t = were not 10 标志词:at this time yesterday, at nine last night等 when/ while “当…的时候”用法区别: when + 延续/ 非延续动词,其后常跟一般过去时 while + 延续动词,其后常跟过去进行时 2. begin (began) 开始 begin to do sth. 开始做某事 3. report 报道 reporter 记者 4. sleep 睡觉 sleepy 瞌睡的 asleep 睡着的 5. true 真的 truly 真正地 truth 事实 6. either 也不(否定句句末) too 也(肯定句句末) also 也 (肯定句句中) 7. help with sth. 在某方面需要帮助 8. it is + adj. (for sb. ) + to do sth. 对某人而言,做某事是….的 9. 表时间: in + 年份、月份、季节、早中晚等不具体时间 on + 星期、日期等具体时间 at + 时间点 10. so … that…. 如此….以至于…… (so + 形容词或副词 ) 11. be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 冠词:a, an, the, / an: 用于字母a, e, i, o 前; 字母u读作/ juː /时,用a, 其他发音用an. the: 双方都知道的人或事物;特指前文已经提到过得人或事物;世界上独一无二的事物;西洋乐器前;形容词最高级前;序数词前;用在形容词前表一类人; /: 一日三餐、学科、棋类、球类前。 11 用所给词的适当形式填空考点:名词、动词、形容词、数词 名词:判断名词为可数还是不可数;不可数直接填原形;可数名词看句子表达的单数还是复数,找出依据。注意名词复数不规则变化。 动词:考搭配 常见动词形式:原形、三单、不定式、动词ing 例:go goes to go going +do:can / could能够, make使, let让, do/does/did, should应该,must必须, have / has to 必须 +doing: mind介意, finish完成, keep保持, practice练习, enjoy享受, 介词(in, on , at ,for, with…), be busy doing 忙于做 be used to doing 习惯于 have difficulty doing, have trouble doing, have problem doing 做… 有困难 how about doing, what about doing 做….怎么样 look forward to doing 期待做 spend time / money doing 花时间或金钱做 feel like doing 想要做 + to do: want to do, need to do, tell sb. ( not ) to do, ask ab. ( not ) to do, would like to do, decide to do, allow sb. to do, wish to do, expect to do, hope to do, plan to do, begin to do, learn to do , it’s time to do, it’s + adj. to do 形容词:变名词(考虑名词形式);变副词(一般+ly) 数词:基变序 one- first, two-second, three- third. 基变序,有规律,末尾加上th; 一二三,特殊记,八加h, 九去e; ve要用f 替,以y结尾变ie, 末尾th莫忘记; 若想表示几十几,只变个位就可以。 12 本文来源:https://www.wddqw.com/doc/222afa08bfd126fff705cc1755270722192e599e.html