五大基本句型

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五大基本句型

基本概念:与汉语相似,英语句子是由主语(subject), 谓语动词(verb),(object), (predicative),(adverbial),(object complement)等成分组成,按照这些成分的组合方式英语句子可分为五种基本句型。

句型一: SV主谓结构 (主语+不及物动词)

不及物动词本身就可以表达完整的意念, 不需要宾语及补语, 但有时可有副词, 介词短语等状语修饰语。e.g. The old man walks in the park .

句型一的扩展:1.主语+不及物动词+状语

e.g. The machine works smoothly. (机器运转正常。)

2.There +不及物动词+主语 e.g. There is some milk in the bottle . 3. 主语+不及物动词+ 动词不定式

句型二 SVF主系表结构 (主语+系动词+表语) 系动词本身不能表达完整的意念没,需要形容词,名词,介词短语等来补充说明主语,也叫主语补语。e.g. My sister is a nurse . I feel quite hungry . The ball is under the desk . 句型三:SVO主谓宾结构 (主语+及物动词+宾语) 及物动词本身需要一个动作的接受者(宾语),才可以表达一个完整的意念。

e.g. We are learning English . Do you know him ? Your radio needs repairing She hopes to see her uncle.


句型四:SVO1O2 主谓双宾结构(主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)

有些及物动词需要两个宾语才能表达一个完整意念。 e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt.. Give me the book, please.

特别提醒:A. 在此句型中, 通常是间接宾语(人)在前,直接宾语(物)在后,有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调,这时间接宾语前应加上适当的介词。e.g. Her mother bought a skirt for her . Give the book to me , please .

直接宾语与间接宾语对调时,间接宾语前加介词to的动词有:give(), tell(告诉) , lend(借给) , sell(), teach() , send(寄给), write(写给), show(出示) , return(还给), bring(带给), pass(递给), leave(), offer(提供), hand(交给)

间接宾语前加介词for的动词有:buy(), choose(选择), get (弄到), make(), order(订购), sing (唱歌), do (), play(演奏)

B. 如果直接宾语为人称代词那么必须把直接宾放在间接宾语前,且间接宾语前要加上适当的介词。e.g. I handed it to our teacher . 不能说成:I handed our teacher it .

C. 此句型变为被动语态时,可分为两种情况。

e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt .这句话可以变成以下两种被动语态句:

a. She was bought a skirt by her mother . b. A skirt was bought for her by her mother.


句型五:SVOC句式 (主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语) 及物动词本身需要一个宾语外, 还需要一个名词,形容词,副词, 词不定式,分词来补充说明宾语,才能表达一个完整的意念。e.g. The teacher asked me to answer the question .

提醒:A. 现在分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与现在分词之间是主动关系;过去分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系。 B. let()make(使得)have(请,让,使得),see()hear()watch(观看)feel(感觉到)listen to (倾听)look at (看到)notice(意到)等动词后的宾语补足语如果为不定式, 则省掉”to”,但变为被动语态时, 则要带”to”. e.g. We hear her sing next door. She is heard to sing next door .

C. 此句型变为被动语态时,只有一种情况。

e.g. They saw him steal the old man’s money.只能变成He was seen to steal the old man’s money.


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