高中英语各种变化规则整理(名词单复数、过去式、三单、形容词变副词等)

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高中英语各种变化规则总结(附高考真题考查示例)

名词的复数

一、可数名词的复数变化规则

1、一般情况加s book--books mouth--mouths house--houses girl--girls time--times(2014辽宁)

change--changes(2014 I)hour--hours(2014 II卷改错) painting--paintings(2015

I) day--days(2016 I) year--years(2016 III卷改错)effect--effects(2017 I)parent--parents(2015 II卷改错)

2、以s, sh, ch, x结尾的加 es class--classes box--boxes match--matches 注意:stomach的复数形式直接加 s 3、以y结尾

+ yyies city--cities country--countries party--parties study--studies(2016 II)enemy--enemies(2016江苏)

元音字母+y结尾的,直接加s day--days(2016 I) boy--boys key--keys toy--toys 4、以o结尾

少数(4个),加es Negroes heroes potatoes tomatoes 其他,加s radios zoos bamboos pianos kilos photos 5、以ffe 结尾

多数,变ffeves thief wife wolf leaf knife life half shelf loaf self The thief’s wife killed three wolves with some leaves and knives in half of her life. 其他,加s belief--beliefs roof--roofs safe--safes gulf--gulfs 二、不规则的复数变化

ox--oxen child--children foot--feet tooth--teeth goose--geese mouse--mice louse--lice man--men woman--women Englishman--Englishmen Dutchman--Dutchmen 注意:Germans, Americans, Russians 英语中的某些外来词,其复数变化很特殊:

phenomenon--phenomena现象 penny--pennies/pence便士 formula--formulae公式 bacterium--bacteria细菌 medium--media媒体 datum--data资料 crisis--crises危机 basis--bases基础 thesis--theses论文 三、单复同形



1

deer, sheep, fish(条数), bison(野牛), works(工厂) people(人), series(系列), species(种类)

Chinese, Japanese, Swiss, means, crossroads, headquarters(总部)spacecraft, aircraft in the 1980s 1980’s 在二十世纪八十年代

形容词变副词

1、一般情况,直接加ly quick--quickly actual--actually(2014 I) regular--regularly(2015 I) official--officially(2016 I) serious--seriously(2015 I卷改) gradual--gradually(2016 III) free--freely(2016 III

) recent--recently(2016

) slow--slowly(2015 II

)

wonderful--wonderfully(2014 I卷改错) sudden--suddenly(2014 II ) helpful---helpfully(2014 II卷改) soft--softly(2014辽宁)

2y结尾的,且读音为/i/,先将y改成i,再加-ly;若读音为/ai/,则直接加-ly. happy--happily lucky--luckily

heavy-heavily,angry-angrily,busy-busily,dry-dryly,shy-shyly.steady--steadily(2016 I卷改错) 3、以e结尾

元音加e结尾,去ely true-truly

辅音加e结尾,直接加ly polite--politely fortunate--fortunately immediate--immediately 4、以l结尾

一个l结尾的,直接加ly careful--carefully wonderful--wonderfully 两个l结尾的,直接加y

5、以le结尾的,去ey possible--possibly terrible--terribly2015 II卷改错) gentle--gently simple--simply

6、以ic结尾的词,加-ally,如:economic-economically,scientific-scientifically,energetic-energetically. 7、特殊的副词变形 good--well

注意:1、以ly结尾的形容词

friendly, lovely, weekly, timely, lively, lonely, likely, deadly, ugly, silly 2 fast, early, straight既是形容词又是副词,不加ly。例如: He runs fast. Can you give me a fast answer?

3有些形容词本身即为副词,同时也有加ly的副词形式,但加不加ly意思不一样,使用时需注意。


例如:

1)不加ly的副词表示具体,加ly表示抽象。

wide(形容词,宽阔的,睁大的)--wide(副词,睁大地)--widely(副词,广泛地) high(形容词,高的)--high(副词,高地)--highly(副词,高度地)

close(形容词,近的,亲密的)--close(副词,近地)--closely(副词,紧密地) deep(形容词,深的)--deep(副词,深地)--deeply(副词,深度地) 2)两种副词完全不同。

late(形容词,晚的)--late(副词,晚地)--lately(副词,最近) hard(形容词,困难的)--hard(副词,努力地)--hardly(副词,几乎不) most(形容词,多数的)--most(副词,最)--mostly(副词,主要地) just(形容词,公正的,恰当的)--just(副词,恰好)--justly(副词,公正地)

比较级和最高级

一、规则变化

1一般情况,er est small--smaller--smallest short--shorter--shortest great--greater(2016 II)

clean--cleaner(2014 I)

2、以不发音的e结尾,加--r --st large--larger--largest nice--nicer--nicest 3、重读闭音节,双写辅音字母加er est

big--bigger--biggest hot--hotter--hottest fat--fatter--fattest thin--thinner--thinnest sad--sadder--saddest wet--wetter--wettest 4、以辅音字母加y结尾,把yier est

easy--easier--easiest heavy--heavier--heaviest busy--busier--busiest happy--happier--happiest 5、多音节词或以ful, less, able, ous, ing, ed, ive结尾,在前面加more most beautiful--more beautiful--most beautiful different--more different--most different crowded--more crowded--most crowded dangerous--more dangerous--most dangerous 二、不规则变化

good/ well--better--best bad/ ill--worse--worst old→older/ elder→oldest/ eldest many/ much--more--most

little--less--least far--further/ farther--furthest/ farthest

动词的第三人称单数变化规则



2

1 一般情况,直接加--s works gets reads look--looks(2014 II卷改错)

2ch, sh, s, x o 结尾,加--es wash-washes catch--catches do--does go--goes2015 II 卷)

3 以辅音字母加y结尾,把 yi--es study--studies try--tries carry--carries fly--flies

以元音字母加y结尾,直接加--s stays says plays

现在分词和动名词的变化规则

1ing going playing knowing wear--wearing(2016 III) hold--holing(2014辽宁)

2eeing arrive--arriving come--coming make--making introduce--introducing(2016 I) use--using(2016 III卷以及2015 II) care--caring(2016江苏) live--living(2015 I) amaze--amazing(2014 I) 3、以重读闭音节结尾,双写辅音字母再加ing

run--running swim--swimming put--putting sit--sitting begin--beginning plan--planning cut--cutting get--getting shop--shopping chat--chatting stop--stopping regret--regretting 4、以ie结尾,把ieying tie--tying die--dying lie--lying 5、其他 ski--skiing

过去式和过去分词的变化规则

1、一ed worked played wanted acted allow--allowed(2016 I)conduct--conducted(2015 I) call--called(2014辽宁)

2、以不发音的e 结尾,直接加d lived moved2016江苏 改错)arrive--arrived(2015 I) decided declined hoped raised

3、以辅音字母加y结尾,把yied study--studied try--tried copy--copied cry--cried 以元音字母加y结尾,直接加ed stayed played

4、重读闭音节,双写辅音字母加ed stopped begged dropped planned stepped prefer--preferred(更喜欢)infer--inferred(推断)refer--referred(提及;指;参考) occur--occurred(发生)regret--regretted(后悔)control--controlled(控制) permit--permitted(允许)2016 I卷)equip--equipped(装备) 注意:offer--offered(提供) suffer--suffered(遭受)


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