英语修辞学笔记整理
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英语修辞学 Ⅰ. Phonetic figure of speech 语音修辞 1.Alliteration 押头韵 Bread not bombs. Cut crimes with jobs not jails. Time and tide waits for no man. 2.Assonance 押元音 Let us help you extend yourself. Could anything ever replace the taste of old grape and apple juice. Haste makes waste. Spend dime save your time. 3.Consonance Women don’t angonize,organize. Farms not arms. 4.Aposiopesis 中间间断法 Another step forward,you will… 5.Pun 双关 To England I will steal,and there I’ll steal. If we don’t hang together,we hang separately. On Sunday they pray for you,on Monday they prey on you. You earn your living.You urn your dead. Ⅱ.Syntactic figure of speech 句法修辞 1. Repetition 重复 There is no,no,no,life. 2. Anaphora 句首重复 I want to know,I want to know who is the girl. 3.Epiphora 句尾重复 Reading makes a full man,conference a ready man and writing an exact man. 4.Simploce 首尾重复 Those who are toil to death,those who are worried to death,those who are bored to death. 5.Parallelism 平行结构 It was not anger,nor surprise,nor disapproval,nor horror,nor any of emotions that she has been prepared for. Kind hearts are the gardens,kind thoughts are the roots,kind words are the flowers,kind deeds are the fruits. 6.Antithesis 对照 It was the season of light,it was the season of darkness;it was the spring of hope,it was the winter of despair. When poverty comes in at the door,love flies out of at the window. 7.Climax 高潮 I came，I saw, I conquer. I was born American,I live American,I shall die American. 8.Anticlimax 反高潮 突降法 Where shall I find hope,happiness,friends,cigarette,burp. 9.Syllepsis 一语双叙 He lost his coat and temper. She opened the door and her heart to the homeless child. 10.Zeugma 轭式修饰法 To make flying more comfortable,we want to great lenghths and great widths. 11.Chiasmus 交错排列法 One should eat to live not live to eat. For my thoughts are not your thoughts,neither are your wise are my wise. 12.Rhetorical question 反问 If winter comes,can sping be far behind? Ⅲ.Semantic figure of speech 语意修辞 1. Simile 明喻 As cool as cucumber (泰然自若) Like a hen on the griddle What A is to B,C is to D. A fool can no more see his own folly than he can see his ears. Love and cough can not be hid. 2. Metaphor 暗喻 The world is a stage. All the world’s a stage,and all the men and women merely players. Money is a bottomless sea,in which honour,conscience and truth may be drowed. Some books are to be tasted,others to be swallowed,and some few to be chewed and digested. Books are the ever-burning lamps and wisdom. 3.Personification 拟人 Australia is so kind,just trickle her with a hoe and she laughs with a harvest. Laziness travels so slowly. 4.Metonymy 转喻 To read a Shakespeare or a Mark Twain is to eat a food full of protein. Without sweat,without bread. A hundred bayonet were marching. 5.Synecdoche 提喻 The farm is short of hands. There are hundreds of sails in the harbor. The prisoner is in irons. The poor man had six mouths to feed. China beat Japan at volleyball. 6.Euphemism 委婉语 His wife is expecting another child. 7.Parody 仿写 I had no outlook but an uplook rather.My place in society was at bottom. 8.Synesthesia 共感 The rooms on the first floor are cold color. 9.Transfered epithet 移就 I speak to him in hesitant French. A sleepless night A happy day Ⅳ.Logical figure of speech 逻辑修辞 1. Allusion 引喻 He met his Waterloo in 1940s. 2. Hyperbole 夸张 I was destroyed fatigue. 3.Irony 讽刺 We’re luck it’s the other side on the 13th of December.That makes us feel real good. For instance the nuns who never take a bath without a bathrobe all the time,when asked why,since no man can see them they reply“Oh,but you forget the good God.” 4.Oxymoron 矛盾修饰 Bitter sweat Victorious defeat True lie Loyal deceit Tearful joy 5.Paradox 自相矛盾 A strong man knows his weakness. 6.Overstatement 高调论述 Bob loves running risks,and he once dived from the overhanging cliff ,often thousand feet high into the sea. 7.Understatement 低调论述 He is no fool. That civil servant was not without ambition. 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/358c2cd181c758f5f61f6791.html