中国书法中英文简介(甲骨文-篆文-隶书-行书-草书-楷书)
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China’s Calligraphic Arts 中国书法 简介 中国书法的发展历程大致可以归纳为： 甲骨文（商）→篆文（秦）→隶书、草书、行书（汉）→楷书（魏晋） Oracle Bone Script (甲骨文) 甲骨文是中国已知的最早的比较系统的书法形式，可追溯至公元前14到11世纪。古时人们常在龟壳及某些动物的比较平成的骨头上面刻占卜文字。这些文字主要用于为统治者预测未来吉凶。甲骨文于20世纪初被考古学家发现，直到近代，一些现代学者及艺术家将甲骨文收录于中国传统书法。 Oracle-bone script (jiaguwen), the earliest known form of systematic Chinese writing, dates from the fourteenth to eleventh century BC. People used to carving divination texts on tortoise shells and on the flat bones of certain animals. These ancient texts were used primarily in predicting future events on behalf of the ruler. Archaeologists in the early twentieth century discovered and deciphered oracle-bone script, and modern scholars and artists have recently added it to China’s tradition of calligraphic arts. Seal Script (篆书) 篆书有两种形式，早期为大篆，起源于公元前11世纪至3世纪商周时期铜礼器上的古代象形文字。大篆简化后形成了小篆，主要用于记录纪念性的仪式。小篆在秦始皇时期成为当时标准的书法形式。 Seal script (zhuanshu) exists in two major forms. The earlier form, known as large-seal script (dazhuan), derived from symbols cast on bronze ritual vessels from the Shang and Zhou dynasties of the eleventh to third century BCE. Small seal-script scripts are simplified large seal scripts, were used mostly for commemorative records. It became a standardized writing under the first emperor of the Qin dynasty. Clerical Script (隶书) 隶书起源于汉朝。如其名所示，隶书常用语撰写公文记录，但同时也被用来记录雕刻纪念碑以及个人之间的通信。隶书是篆书的简化版本，其长捺燕尾是标志性特点。 Clerical script (lishu) originated in Han dynasty. As its name implies, clerical script was frequently used in preparing official records and documents, and it was utilized for both public monuments and private correspondence. Clerical script is simplified variation of seal script. The distinct downward sweeping strokes are most prominent characteristics. Running script (行书) 行书最早出现于汉朝之后，在4世纪时达到发展末期，介于隶书和草书之间。行书有时会省略笔画，字与字之间形成牵连。因其书写简便，易辨认，行书很快成为当时人们日常最受欢迎的书法形式，一直沿用至今。 Running script (xingshu) appeared in the decades immediately after the Han dynasty and reached the final stage of its formative development in the fourth century. Running script is something that between cursive script and clerical script. In running script, individual strokes are sometimes eliminated or condensed, and separate characters are joined by linking strokes. Due to its ease, convenience, and legibility, running script quickly became the most popular form of Chinese freehand writing in everyday use, and it retains that status today. Cursive script (草书) 草书最早约出现在汉朝末期。行书笔画大大简化和省略，笔法行云流水，一气呵成。因为行书的笔画和字体结构发生了极大变化，因此辨认和书写都需要专门训练和学习。 Cursive script (caoshu) developed around the end of the Han dynasty. Although the basic elements of cursive script matured in the third and fourth centuries, important innovations continued until the middle of the Tang dynasty (618-907). In cursive script, individual strokes within a character are drastically simplified and abbreviated, often becoming a single continuous movement of the writer’s brush. Since the number and structure of strokes significantly changed, both the ability to read and write cursive script requires special training and study. Standard Script (楷书) 楷书首次出现在汉朝秋，在唐朝中期达到巅峰。字体匀称，结构清晰，是最常用的汉字字体。如今，楷书仍然是学校最先教授的字体。楷书字体也用于现代印刷材料。 Standard script (kaishu) first appeared in the fall of the Han dynasty and got perfected in the mid-Tang dynasty. Standard script is balanced and clearly legible and is commonly used handwritten Chinese script. It is still the first script taught to schoolchildren, and it also serves as the typeface for most modern printed materials. 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/37878a5b660e52ea551810a6f524ccbff021ca5d.html