现在分词的完成式 2016-05-17 现在分词的完成式表示其动作在谓语动词的动作之前完成。 Having finished her homework, the little girl began to watch TV. 做完作业后,这个小女孩开始看电视。 Having lived in Beijing for many years, Carter knew the city well. 因为在北京住了多年,卡特对这个城市很熟悉。 一、现在分词的完成式的理解 现在分词的完成式可根据现在完成时态推出——将现在完成时“have+过去分词”中的助动词have改为现在分词having即可,也就是说现在分词完成式的基本结构由“having+过去分词”构成。 如: having come, having gone, having started, having left, having waited等。 从句法上,现在分词的完成式既不用作主语和宾语,也不用作定语,其主要作用是用作状语。 如: Having finished her work, she went home. 她干完工作就回家了。 Having failed twice, he didn’t want to try again. 他已经失败了两次,不想再试了。 第一句中的现在分词完成式having finished her work表示时间,相当于after she had finished her work; 第二句中的现在分词完成式having failed twice表示原因,相当于As he had failed twice。 1表示先于谓语的动作: 即当现在分词所表示的动作先于谓语动作发生时,现在分词就用完成式。 如: Having lost all my money, I went home. 我把钱全丢了,于是我就回家了。 Having written down our names and addresses, the policeman let us go. 那警察把我们的姓名和地址记下之后就让我们走了。 第一句的having lost表示“丢钱”在先,“回家”在后; 第二句的having written down…表示警察“记下……”在先,“让我们回家”在后。 2 与一般式的区别: 现在分词的一般式和完成式均可表示已完成或先于谓语的动作,但是有区别——现在分词所表示的动作虽然可以先于谓语动作,但两者之间没有时间间隔,而现在分词的完成式所表示先于谓语的动作则与谓语动作有一定的时间间隔。 如: Locking the door, he went out. 锁好门之后,他就出去了。 Having invited him here to speak, we’d better go to his lecture. 本文来源:https://www.wddqw.com/doc/38ad07b4e0bd960590c69ec3d5bbfd0a7956d58b.html