否定句结构
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否定句结构 一、全部否定 全部否定通常由含有全部否定意义的词,如 no, none, nobody, nowhere, no one, never, neither, nor 等加上表示肯定意义的谓语动词构成。例如: 1、 We couldn't eat in a restaurant because ____ of us had ___ money on us、(MET1991) A、 all; no B、 any; no C、 none; any D、 on one; any 析:根据句意“我们不能在餐馆吃饭”,可推测后句为“因为我们谁也没带钱”。 no one 虽能表示全部否定,但其后不能跟 of 短语。所以该题选 C 。类似试题: (1)They were all tired, but ____ of them would stop to take a rest、(NMET1995) A、 any B、 some C、 none D、 neither (2)Both teams were in hard training; ____ was willing to lose the game、 (上海 2001 ) A、 either B、 neither C、 another D、 the other 注意:“否定谓语 + 不定代词 any/either 等”也可构成全部否定。例如: We won't buy any of the books、 我们不会买任何一本书。 二、部分否定 部分否定就是由表示总括意义的词如 all, both, every, each, everything, everybody 以及 always, completely, entirely, wholly 等加上否定词 not, never 等构成的,含有“不全就是、并非都”等意思。例如: I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with___、 (NMET1997) A、 everything B、 anything C、 something D、 nothing 析:由前一句“您说的我绝大部分同意”可推知后半句应为“但我并不就是每一个细节都同意”。在所给的四个选项中只有 everything 与 not 连用才能构成部分否定。故选 A 。再如: All that glitters is not gold、 (莎士比亚语) =Not all that glitters is gold、 闪闪发光的未必都就是金子。 三、延续否定 延续否定就是在前文否定的基础上,再追加一个或数个否定的句子或结构,以补充说明已经否定的人或物的情况。其结构为“否定句 +neither/nor+ 助动词 + 主语 + ……”,或者就是“ not … or …”等。例如: 1、 — Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother? — I don't know and ____、 (MET1991) A、 nor don't I care B、 nor do I care C、 I don't care, neither D、 I don't care also 析: I don't know 已就是一个否定句,而后面又紧跟一个否定句,进一步说明主语的态度,整句意为:我不知道,也不关心。答案为 B 。 2、 — I don't like chicken____ fish、 — I don't like chicken, _____ I like fish very much、(MET1993) A、 and; and B、 and; but C、 or; and D、 or; but 析:当同时否定两者时,若重复否定词,则用 and 连接,如: I like no chicken and no fish、 若只在前边加否定词,则用 or 连接。由于后一句不就是延续否定,故使用 but 表示转折。答案为 D 。 四、半(部分)否定 当句中出现含有否定意义的词,如 little, few, seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, 否定句结构 barely 等时,该句就构成半否定句;当这些半否定词置于句首时要采取部分倒装。例如: • Little____ about his own safety, though he was in great danger、 (上海 1994 ) A、 does he care B、 did he care C、 he cares D、 he cared 析:表否定意义的词 little, never, seldom, hardly 等用于句首时句子要倒装。根据语境,此处应该用过去时态。答案为 B 。 2、____ got into the room, ____ the telephone rang、 (MET1988) A、 He hardly had; then B、 Hardly had he; when C、 He had not; than D、 Not had he; when 析: hardly … when …就是个常见句型,意为“一……就……”。当 hardly 位于句首时句子也应倒装,但 hardly 也可放在句中,这时不倒装,即: He had hardly got into the room when the telephone rang、 答案为 B 。 五、否定转移 当主句中含有动词 think, believe, expect, feel, guess, imagine, suppose 等时,其后宾语从句的否定词往往转移到主句的谓语动词上。如: I don't think he is right、 (我认为她不对。)从近年高考试题来瞧重点在于考查一些简略答语中的否定转移问题。例如: 1、 — Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend? — ______、(NMET1994) A、 I don't believe B、 I don't believe it C、 I believe not so D、 I believe not 析:此题考查的就是表达个人瞧法时的日常交际用语,肯定回答为: I believe so 否定回答有两种: I believe not、 或 I don't believe so、 答案为 D 。 2、 — The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they? — ____、 (北京 2003 春招) A、 I guess not so B、 I don't guess C、 I don't guess so D、 I guess not 析:根据习惯, guess, hope, be afraid 的否定答语只有一种形式,即: I guess/hope/am afraid not、 而不能说: I don't guess/hope so、 也就就是说这几个词不能否定转移。答案为 D 。 六、特指否定 含有非谓语动词否定形式的句子,叫作特指否定句,其否定形式就是在其前加 not/never、 例如: 1、 Tom kept quiet about the accident _____ lose the job、(MET1990) A、 so not as to B、 so as not to C、 so as to not D、 not so as to 析: so as to do sth、 表目的时相当于 in order to do sth,其否定式为 so as not to do sth、 。答案为 B 。 2、 Mrs、 Smith warned her daughter _____ after drinking、(MET1991) A、 never to drive B、 to never drive C、 never driving D、 never drive 析: warn 后接不定式作补语,“警告某人不要干某事”应说: warn sb、 not to do sth、。答案为 A 。 3、______ a reply, he decided to write again、 (MET1992) A、 Not receiving B、 Receiving not C、 Not having received D、 Having not received 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/415575ba9b8fcc22bcd126fff705cc1755275f96.html