X理论和y理论优缺点

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X理论和y理论优缺点

X理论和y理论优缺点

X 理论和 y 理论 introduction

在资本主义管理理论中,根据人的行为看法不同划分的两种理论。 道格拉斯·麦格雷戈 (Douglas Mcgregor,1906 1964) ,美国麻省理工学院教授,于 1957 年首次提出 X 理论和 Y理论,在 1960 年发表的“企业的人的方面”一文中,他对两种理论进行了比较。

这是关于人性的两种截然不同的观点: 一种是基本上消极的 X 理论 ; 外是基本上积极的 Y 理论。通过观察管理处理员工关系的方式,麦格雷戈发现,管理者关于人性的观点是建立在一些假设基础之上的,而管理者又根据这些假设来塑造他们自己对下属的行为方式。

麦格雷戈的 X 理论观点:人的本性是坏的, 一般人都有好逸恶劳、 尽可能逃避工作的特性 ; 由于人有厌恶工作的特性,因此对大多数人来说,仅用奖赏的办法不足以战胜其厌恶工作的倾向, 必须进行强制、监督、指挥、并惩罚进行威胁,才能使他们付出足够的努力去完成给定的工作目标 ; 一般人都胸无大志,通常满足于平平稳稳的完成工作, 而不喜欢具有“压迫感”的创造性的困难工作。

相反地, Y 理论是较为传统的 X 理论的合理替代物。

麦格雷戈的 Y 理论观点:人并不懒惰,他们对工作的喜欢和憎恶决定于这对工作对他是一种满足还是一种惩罚 ; 在正常情况下人愿意承担责任 ; 人们都热衷于发挥自己的才能和创造性。

Theory X and theory y the introduction

In capitalist management theory, according to the views of the two theories of different division.

Douglas Mcgregor (Douglas Mcgregor, 1906-1964), a professor at the Massachusetts institute of

technology, for the first time in 1957 proposed the theory X and theory Y , published in 1960, "enterprise of people", he compares the

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two theories.This is two completely different ideas about human nature: one kind is basically negative theory X;The other is basically positive theory Y .By looking at the way

management deals with employee relations, McGregor found that managers view about human nature is based on some assumptions, and managers according to these assumptions of the staff to shape their own behavior .

McGregor's theory X view that human nature is bad, generally has the property of indolence, as far as possible to avoid work;Due to the nature of people work with disgust, so for most people, only by reward is not enough to overcome the tendency of its aversion to work, must be forced, command, supervision, and punishment for threats, to make them enough effort to accomplish a given goal;Generally the heart, often meet to smooth finish the work in and don't like to have a "pressure" the difficulty of creative work.On the contrary, theory Y is relatively reasonable alternative to the traditional theory X. McGregor's theory Y view that people are not lazy, their likes and dislikes of work depends on the job to him is a kind of meet or a punishment;In normal human willing to accept responsibility;People are keen to use of their talents and creativity. 理论的优缺点:

二者的差别在于对工人的需要看法不同,因此采用的管理方法也不相同。 X 理论来看待工人的需要,进行管理就要采取严格的控制、强制方式 ; 的优点是准确,直接的给工人下达指令,减少工人对工作怠慢的机会,增加工作效率。缺点是强制的指挥和监督使工人产生压迫感。 理论的优缺点:

如果按 Y 理论看待工人的需要, 管理者就要创造一个能多方面满足工人需要

的环境,使人们智慧、能力得以充分的发挥,以更好地实现组织个个人目标。

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