英语词性后缀 英语常用词性后缀 1.名词后缀 1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物:worker, debtor 2)—acy,表示/性质,状态,境遇/ democracy, accuracy, diplomacy 3)-ance, —ence表示/性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度/ importance, diligence, difference, obedience 4)-ancy, —ency,表示/性质,状态,行为,过程/ frequency, urgency, efficiency 5)—bility,表示/动作,性质,状态/ possibility, flexibility, feasibility 6)—dom,表示/等级,领域,状态/ freedom, kingdom, wisdom 7)—hood,表示/资格,身份,年纪,状态/ childhood, manhood, falsehood 8)—ion, —sion, -tion, -ation, —ition,表示/行为的过程,结果,状况/ action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction 9)-ism,表示/制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为/ socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism 10)—ity,表示/性质,状态,程度/ purity, reality, ability, calamity 11)—ment,表示/行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument 12)—ness,表示/性质,状态,程度/ goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness 13)-ship,表示/情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业/ hardship, membership, friendship 14)—th,表示/动作,性质,过程,状态/ depth, wealth, truth, length, growth 15)—tude,表示/性质,状态,程度/ latitude, altitude(海拔) 16)-ure,表示/行为,结果/ exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续) 17—grapy,表示/……学,写法/ biography, calligraphy, geography 18)—ic, ics,表示/……学……法/ logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics 19)—ology,表示/……学……论/biology, zoology, technology(工艺学) 20)—nomy,表示/……学……术/ astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学) 2.形容词后缀 1.-able (1)v。+able→adj。 “可以(被)……的”、“适合于……的"、“值得……的”等,即有被动含义。 reliable(可以依靠的),drinkable(可以饮用的 ),eatable(可食用的) (2)n.+able→adj. “具有……特点的” valuable(有价值的),reasonable( 有道理的),comfortable(舒适的)。 2.-ible terrible, horrible, invisible, possible。 3.-al”意为“属于……的”、“有……特性的”。 actual, general, international, medical, mental, moral, natural, official, several, special, usual 4.-an /-ian 加国名、地名后American, African, Asian, Australian, Canadian, Indian, Italian -ese / Chinese, Japanese. 6.-ant “……性的”。“-ant”后缀的形容词其相应名词往往是-ance或-ancy后缀. instant(instance),distant(distance),important(importance),brilliant(brilliancy),constant(constancy),pleasant 7.-ent “-ent”与“-ant"非常相似。 absent(absence),different(difference),excelle nt(excellence),patient(patience),present(presence). 8.-ar / popular, particular, regular 9.-ary / contrary, necessary, ordinary, primary, revolutionary 10.-ed过去分词,被动含义/connected, discouraged, disappointed, engaged, exc ited, interested, limited, married, pleased, tired ,united, used(习惯的),worried, wounded 英语词性后缀 “-ed”也可加在动词之后形成复合形容词,如man-made, water-covered。 “-ed"还可加在名词之后形成复合形容词,如warm-hearted, warm—blooded, three-legged 11.-en (1)“-en”跟在物质名词之后,表示“材料”或“质地”/ wooden, golden, earthen (2)“-en”加在不规则动词之后(实为动词过去分词)/ spoken, written, stricken, mistaken 12.-ern “……(方位)的”/ eastern, southern, western, northern -ward “向……(方向)的”、“来自……(方向)的" eastward, southward, forward, backward, inward, outward, upward, downward 【注】这些词也可以是副词。如果词尾是“-wards"时,派生词必然是副词。 14.-ful 这一后缀有两种情况: (1)名词之后表示“充满……的”、“有……性质的” beautiful, colorful, helpful, powerful, successful, useful, wonderful (2)动词之后, “易于……的”/ forgetful 15.-ic / Atlantic, electric, arctic, historic, pacific, plastic, public, scientific 16.-ical表示/与……有关的/ physical, political, practical, technical 【注】请比较an electric light(电灯),electrical engineering(电气工程); historic意为“历史上有名气的”,historical则意为“关于历史的”. 以“ic”结尾的形容词,其相应副词 则往往是pacifically, scientifically。 17.-ing / dying, exciting, inspiring, interesting, freezing, living 18.-ish “……民族的”、“……语的”、“… …似的”、“患……的” English, British, foolish, feverish 19.-ist “……主义的” / communist, imperialist, Marxist, socialist 20.-ive “……的”、“与……有关的”、“具有……性质的” native, active, passive, attentive, expensive 21.-less表否定/ fearless, harmless, useless, helpless, careless 22.-ly “-ly”加在名词之后构成形容词。这一词缀的意义有二: (1)“像……的”、“有……性质的"/ friendly, lively, lovely, lonely, orderly (2)“以……为周期的”、“每……的”/ hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, yearly 【注】如是形容词之后加“-ly",则构成副词。上述(2)中的形容词亦可用作副词。 23.-(i)ous “充满……的”、“具有……特征的" curious, famous, dangerous, obvious, poisonous, serious, various 24.-some “使人……的”、“易于……的"/ handsome, troublesome ,tiresome 25.-y / funny, lucky, shabby, snowy, thirsty, windy, sunny, rainy, cloudy, dirty, dusty 3。动词后缀 1)—ize, ise,表示/做成,变成,……化/ modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize 2)—en,表示/使成为,引起,使有/ quicken, weaken, soften, harden 3)-fy,表示/使……化,使成/ beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify 4)-ish,表示/使,令/ finish, abolish, diminish, establish 5)-ate,表示/成为……,处理,作用/ separate, operate, indicate 4.副词后缀 (形容词)-ly:bad→badly坏地,恶劣地,careful→carefully小心地 -wise(OE):clock→clockwise(a./adv。)顺时针方向的(地); like→likewise同样地 —wards:out→outwards向外面地,north→northwards向北方地 本文来源:https://www.wddqw.com/doc/535a3cdddf36a32d7375a417866fb84ae55cc3b3.html