英语陈述句专项知识点总结

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陈述句专项知识点总结



一、 陈述句的概念

陈述句是陈述一个事实或者说话人的看法。它包括肯定句和否定句两种。陈述句在书写时句末用句号,而在朗读时则用降调。

如: I’m a student. I like dogs. I’m not a teacher.

二、陈述句的句子结构以及用法

1 英语中,陈述句由主语、谓语、宾语三个部分组成。

主语一般包括人称代词:I ,you, he ,she .物主代词:this, that, 等。

谓语一般就是动词:be动词:is, are, am和助动词:do, does和行为动词:like, eat 例如:

Mr. Walker is an Englishman. (华克先生是英国人。——肯定句) He is not an American. (他不是美国人。——否定句)

2)否定句的表达方式基本上有下面的两种。 1 使用否定词“not

2 例如: abehave为主要动词,例如:

3 I am not a good swimmer. (我不是一个游泳的好手。 4 I have not much money. (我没有很多钱。

5 He has not many friend here. (在这里他没有很多朋友。 解说:be/have +not”常缩短成一词,尤其是日常谈话更是如此。 例如:

You aren't a friend of his, are you ? (你不是他的朋友吧,是不是?) He isn't my brother. (他不是我的兄弟。

下面例句是“have nothas not”的缩略形。 例如:

I haven't a headache. (我没有头痛。 bbehave为助动词 You aren't going to go to her birthday party, are you? (你不打算参加她的生日宴会,是不是?) It isn't raining outside. (外面没有在下雨。 动词带有助动词willshallcanmaymustneeddareought toused tohad better等时,将“not”置于助动词与主要动词之间。 例如:

I will not do it again.

I won't do it again. (我不愿意再做这种事。

The old man cannot find his way home. (那个老人找不到回家的路。 I couldn't sleep last night. (昨夜我无法入睡。

You ought not to swim in the river. (你不应该在河里游泳。

You had better not tell her everything. (你最好不要样样事情都告诉她。






注:can”的否定形式是“cannot can't,不可写成“can not cann't d)使用助动词“do”的否定句

一般动词的否定句通常使用助动词do句式如下:dodoes, did+not + V(原形动词)例如:

I don't know her very well. (我并不很了解她。

He doesn't like Chinese tea very much. (他并不很喜欢中国茶。 She didn't come to school this morning. (今天早上她没有来上学。 Don't believe him. (不要相信他的话。 注:have”表达“有”以外的意义时,其否定句通常使用助动词“do 例如:

Usually I don't have =eat breakfast on Sunday morning. 通常星期天早上我不吃早餐。 She doesn't have =drink coffee for breakfast.(她不把咖啡充作早餐喝。

We didn't have =enjoy a good time there yesterday. (昨天我们在那里玩得不愉快。 不过美式英语have”作“有”的意义使用时也如一般动词使用助动词“do 例如:

I don't have brothers. (我没有兄弟。

We didn't have time enough to finish the work. (我们没有足够的时间完成那件工作。

2)使用“not”以外的否定词:

a 副词:neverseldomhardlylittleneither等,

例如: She never comes to school late. (他上学从不迟到。

b)形容词:nofewlittle等,

例如: I have no brothers.=I don't have brothers. (我没有兄弟。 He has few friends in Hong Kong. (他在香港几乎没有朋友。

代词:nothingnobodynone等,

例如: I know nothing about computer(对电脑我一窍不通。

I found nobody about computer. (在那栋房子里我没看到任何人。



2.否定也可以借用前缀或后缀来表达, 例如:

He is honest. (他是诚实的。

He is dishonest.=He in not honest. (他不诚实。 They have children. (他们有小孩。

They are childless .=They don't have children. (他们没有小孩。


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