it的用法和主谓一致 it的用法 it可用作人称代词、指示代词、先行词及引导词等。 1.人称代词it，是第三人称单数中性，代表前文已提到过的一件事物。 That vase is valuable. It’s more than 200 years old. I love swimming. It keeps me fit. 或不清楚或无必要知道说话对象的性别。 It’s a lovely baby. Is it a boy or a girl? Go and see who it is. it用以代替指示代词this， that. - What’s this? - It’s a pen. 2.虚义it无指代性，常用作没有具体意义的主语，出现于表示天气、气候、温度、时间、地点、距离等意义的句子中。 It is half past three now. It is six miles to the nearest hospital from here. It was very cold; it snowed and grew dark. it也常用来表示一般的笼统的情况。 It’s awful—I’ve got so much work I don’t know where to start. How is it going with you? Take it easy. it也常用于下列结构： It looks as if the college is very small. It seems as though our plan will be perfect. It’s my turn. 3.作形式主语和形式宾语。 本身无意义，只起一种先行引导的作用，先行词不重读。后面的真正主语或真正宾语通常是不定式结构、-ing分词结构或名词性从句。 It is difficult to translate this article. It is getting harder every day for a lazy man to get a living. What time would it be most convenient for me to call again? I found it difficult to explain to him what happened. They kept it quiet that he was dead. We must make it clear to the public that something should be done to stop pollution. 4.用于强调句型。 它的结构形式是：It+be的一定形式+中心成分+that-/who-从句。 It was Jane that/who called this morning. It was a parcel that she brought him. 强调句是由普通陈述句转换而来的。通过该结构可以强调除谓语动词以外的多数句子成分。 John gave Mary a handbag at Christmas. 根据上下文和语义意图，说话人可以分别强调主语、间接宾语、直接宾语、状语。 It was John that/who gave Mary a handbag at Christmas. It was Mary that John gave a handbag (to) at Christmas. It was a handbag that John gave Mary at Christmas. It was at Christmas that John gave Mary a handbag. 强调句主句与从句的时态一般应一致。 It is not I who am angry. It was my two sisters who knew her best. 注意 1.强调句中it与形式主（宾）语it的区别 It is surprising that Mary should have won the first place. It is Mary that has won the first place. 2.虚义it与强调句中it的区别 It was three o’clock in the morning when his father came back. It was at three o’clock in the morning that his father came back. 3.强调句中that/who从句与that/who引导的定语从句的区别 It is money that is most needed. This is the money that is most needed. It is Mary who has broken the glass. Mary is the girl who has won the first place. 方法：如将句型It is/was…that结构去掉，而句子能还原成普通陈述句，则该句是强调句。 主谓一致 主谓一致有三条原则，即语法形式上一致、意义上一致和就近原则。下面列举各种情况。 1．名词作主语 1）集体名词作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式；如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。 His family is a happy one. The whole family are watching TV. 这类名词有：audience，class，club，company，crew，enemy，crowd，government，group，party，public，team等。 2）某些集体名词，如people, police, cattle等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。 The police are searching for the thief. 3）单、复数同形的名词主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定。如sheep, means, works, species, Chinese, Japanese。 4）主语中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，意义一致，看作一个整体，谓语用单数。 Three years has passed since then. 5）不定代词each, every, no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。 Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema. 6）如果主语有more than one或many a构成，遵循语法形式一致，谓语动词用单数形式。 More than one student has read the book. Many a girl has been there. 7）一些由两个部分构成的名词（表示衣物或工具glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors）作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。但如果主语用“a kind of, a pair of , a series of等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 A pair of shoes was on the desk. 8）诸如this kind of/all kinds of的短语，谓语动词与kind的数保持一致。而this kind of men =men of this kind ，后者要用复数。 This kind of men is dangerous. =Men of this kind are dangerous. 9）主语中心词是all，most, half, rest等，意义一致，指复数意义，谓语动词用复数；反之，用单数。 All of my classmates like music. All of the water is gone. 10)在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。 Between the two windows hangs a picture. 2．由连接词连接的名词作主语 1）用and或both…and连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。 Plastics and rubber never rot. 2）当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的数由主语而定。 The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library. 3）以or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also等连接的名词作主语时，应根据就近一致的原则。 Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room. Either you or he is to go. 3．代词作主语 1）关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。 Those who want to go please put up your hands. Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun. 2）疑问代词who, what, which作主语时，谓语动词根据意思决定单、复数。 Who lives next door? It is Xiao Liu. Who live next door? It is Zhang and Liu. What produce(s) heat? 3）either, neither单独作主语时，谓语通常用单数。 但后接of时，若of的宾语为不可数名词，动词当然用单数形式，若of的宾语为复数名词时，动词可以是单数，也可以是复数，在正式文体中，单数 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/58ef190a84c24028915f804d2b160b4e767f81ca.html