英语五年级上册英语语法之名词复数的规则变化

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英语五年级上册英语语法之名词复数的规则变化

一.名词复数的规则变化

情况

一般情况

s,sh,ch,x 等结尾 ce,se,ze 等结尾 以辅音字母+y 结尾

.其他复数的规则变化

读音 例词

s 清辅音后读/s/ map-maps

浊辅音后和元音后读/z/ car-cars

es /iz/ box-boxes

class-classes

s /iz/ license-licenses y i 再加es /iz/ baby-babies

构成方法

1) y结尾的专有名词或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数。例如: the Henrys’ monkey---monkeys 2) o 结尾的名词,变复数时: a. s,如: photo---photos piano---pianos b. es,如:potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes c. 上述ab两种方法均可,zero---zeros / zeroes. 3) ffe 结尾的名词变复数时: a. s,如: belief---beliefs roof---roofs

b. 去掉f,fe ves,如:half---halves knife---knives

c. 上述ab两种方法均可,handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves. .名词复数的不规则变化

1)child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth注意::由一个词加 man woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men -women,an Englishman,two Englishmen.German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans.

2)单复同形,deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese ,li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters

3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。例如:people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle, the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。 4) s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,一般是不可数名词,单数。b. news 为不可数名词。c. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。

5) 表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses trousers,clothes,若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair;suit; a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。

6) 另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes().

.不可数名词对量的表示 1)物质名词


a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。

比较:Cake is a kind of food. 蛋糕是一种食物。 (不可数) These cakes are sweet. 这些蛋糕很好吃。 (可数) b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时,可数。例如: This factory produces steel. (不可数) We need various steels. (可数)

c. 当物质名词表示份数时,可数。例如:

Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。 Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。

2) 抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。例如:

four freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations四个现代化

物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量,a glass of water 一杯水/ a piece of advice 一则建议。 练习题

1.Would you give me________, please?

A.two papers B.two piece of paper C.two pieces of paper D.two pieces of papers 2.There are three_____and seven____in the picture.

A.monkeys,sheeps B.monkeys,sheep C.monkies,sheep D.monkies,sheeps 3.A lot of____are talking with two_______. A.Germans,FrenchmansD.Germans,Frenchmen

4.__________people went out to see what had happened.

A. Thousands of B.Three thousand of C.Thousand of D.Three thousands 5.We have been in the school for______.

A.three and a half month B.three and a half months C.three month and a half D.three month and halves

6._____English is_____useful language. A. A, an B. /, a C. The, an D. A , / 7.All the ______ in the hospital got a rise last month.

A. women doctors B. women doctor C. woman doctors D. woman doctor 8.______ travels faster when the zip code is indicated on the envelope. A. A little mail B. A piece of mail C. A mail D. A small mail 9. He told me _____ would come to his birthday party.

A. many Jack friends B. Jack’s many friends C. many Jack’s friend D. many friends of Jack’s

10.Our teacher gave me ______.

A. an advice B. the advice C. some advice D. much advice

答案:1.C 2.B 3.D 4.A 5. B 6.B 7.A 8.B 9.D 10.C





B.Germen,Frenchmans





C.German,

Frenchmen


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