修辞方法Rhetorical Devices (1) Simile 用比喻词把要加以描写刻画的事物，与另一种具有鲜明的同一特点的事物联系起来，从而更形象、更生动地说明事理。被比喻的对象称作“本体（subject）”，用来做比喻的对象叫比“喻体（reference）” A seems to be/ resembles/ has a resemblance to B A be like/as/as though /than B A does something like…. Beauty, sweet love, is like the morning dew. New China is like a red sun rising in the east. My heart is like a singing bird. Records fell like ripe apples on a windy day. She spoke hurriedly, as if her heart had leaped into her throat at the boy’s words. He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen for hearing him crow. Joe fought like a lion. Her hands are colder than ice. Some idioms containing simile: Talk like a book, drink like a fish, smoke like a chimney, as fresh as a rose As proud as a peacock, as high as a kite, as light as a feather, as sharp as a knife, as motionless as a statue Note: Are similes used in the following expressions? She looks like his father. My uncle treated this poor boy as his own son. Class exercises: 找出本体、喻词、喻体 Childhood is like a swiftly passing dream. Her eyes sparkled like stars. The news is like a dagger to her heart. Her eyes are as blue as the sea. The child is like a sweet candy. His voice sounded like a thunder in the dark night. The child went to school like a snail yesterday. He regards me as thorn in his flesh. Metaphor 把两个不同类对象之间的相似之处进行比喻，句子结构中含有本体，喻体，而比喻词则不出现。有些句子中，省略本体，只出现喻体。 The news is a dagger to his heart. Joe was a lion in the battle. Learning is climbing up a mountain. He is a wolf in sheep’s clothing. He is an ass in a lion’s skin. The remark was a shot at me. Music is my cup of tea. Life was a journey full of pitfalls. The thought was fire in him. Failure is the mother of success. Chances are flowers dotting our life. 还有一些宾语、谓语、定语用做隐喻。 He still has a ray of hope. This country has rosy prospects. There was a stormy debate at the meeting. He needled his way through. The hill was veiled in mist. She wormed the secret out of him. I will chew over your suggestion. Let’s dig deeper into the text. She melted into tears. The airplane was swallowed up in the clouds. The machine-gun mowed down the enemy. The mountain is wearing a coat of grass. A shower of stones, a coat of cream, etc. Note: We should avoid such negative metaphor as “exam is the death sentence to most of us students” or “pretty girls are like paper flowers.” Metonymy 换喻 （用与某物密切相关的东西来代替某物，也称“借代 ”） 以容器替代内容 The hall applauded. The kettle is boiling. The lamp is burning. The chairman called the house to order. He tasted this dish. He drank the cup off at a draught. He is fond of bottles. 以事物的明显标志或有密切关系的事物代替一物。 Grey hair should be respected. He must have been spoilt from the cradle. He succeeded to the crown/throne. He rose and addressed the chair. The bench gave a hearing to the bar. 法官听律师陈词 He deserves the palm.他应该受到奖赏。 以工具或器官代替人或物 The pen is stronger than the sword. He prefers a hoe to a golf club. Give every man your ears, but few your voice. They decided to apply the axe to non-productive expenditures. He has a ready tongue. Every school needs a head. 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/7c6b907eae02de80d4d8d15abe23482fb4da021e.html