名词部 misery 这个抽象词的所指相当广泛,可以包括从poverty到starvation到unemployment到unrequited love等等任何值得同情的状态,难怪小说Les Misérables被翻译成中文的《悲惨世界》 wellbeing 它泛指一种比较良好的生活状态 例句:This movie has documented the sedentary lifestyle’s influence on people’s physical and psychological well-being. mechanism 政府常用词:“机制” 比如:to reform the current decision-making mechanism in the government alienation circumstances 疏远,它的形容词更加常用,be alienated from sb. 处境,状况 例句:The circumstances of an individual crime and the motivation for committing it should always be taken into account when the punishment is decided on. similarity 相似之处,反义词:distinction distinction disparity remedy ancestors posterity pursuit 可以看做different的升级版:差异。它的形容词distinctive是指“很独特的”,接近unique 这个词基本就是gap的升级版了:差距 这个词的本义指一种病的治疗方法,新托福作文里意思很想solution,“解决办法” 它多用于复数,“祖先” 一般只用单数,而且前面不加the,“后代” 这个估计各位写person statement说明自己的目标的时候都已经用了N次吧,如果实在用饭了,就用endeavor,commitment,undertaking,quest(后两个意思不完全相同)这些词换换吧。类似意思,语气最强的是aspiration novelty rarity commonality 不再是小说,而是指非常新鲜有趣的东西,比如Nintendo的 Wii U 指罕见稀有的东西,比如This antique chair is a definite rarity. 这个词挺大,不过新托福作文中也偶有使用,就是“共性” 例句:preserve resources for posterity 例句:Some friendships grow over years. Other form in an instant. The commonality of all these friendships is — the recognition of special things we share in common. Friends assure us that we are not alone in the world. incidence 有点像rate,但它一般是特指某种坏现象的发生率 例句:the rising incidence of obesity, coronary heart diseases and diabetes ambience / 气氛, 氛围 atmosphere necessity luxury niceties 必需品或者必要性 奢侈,作文里有时候也作“奢望” 在美国是很常见的一个词,而且经常用复数,表示那种看起来很美但实际并不是很必要的事物。 例如:Having a garden would be a luxury in downtown Manhattan. 例句:The niceties of technology-aimed life mean little when our needs are simple: warmth when we’re cold; food when we’re hungry; sleep when we’re tired. 形容词部 materialistic mediocre alarming disturbing recurring desirable adept in abject laborious 物质化的,非常现实的,在美国这个词常用来描述大城市居民,比如热爱Manolo Blahnik 的Carrie 平庸的,水平一般的,用来描述人活着说事物都挺拿分的 令人警觉的,比如the alarming crime rate 让人很烦的,困扰人的 一再出现的,一再困扰人的,后面通常跟不好的事物,比如recurring problems, recurring pain 值得拥有的,在新托福作文中是代替good的上乘之选,比如Foreign language skills are highly desirable. / a desirable neighborhood(社区)/ It’s desirable that you have some familiarity with computers. 固定搭配be adept in 指某方面技能很高,经常可以代替 be skilled at/in…,有很多时候也可以代替be good at… 请注意拼写!它不是object,而是a开头的形容词。它在写作中经常用在一些表示艰难困苦的名词之前加重程度,比如abject misery, abject poverty 当然了,它是labor的形容词形式,但它的意义比labor窄很多,一般后面只能跟task或者undertaking之类表示任务或者工作的词,表示需要付出很大努力的 flawed 有缺陷的,比它更委婉的说法则是imperfect 例句:People are by nature flawed. There’ll always be times when our friends do things that are disappointing or hurtful to us. Sometimes these things are done on purpose; sometimes by accident. impeccable/flawless 这两个词则是“无懈可击的”— perfect的近义词 indiscriminate 一定不要误解,这个词跟歧视无关,而是“不加区分的,不加选择的” 例句:The indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizer has been causing serious problems. 本文来源:https://www.wddqw.com/doc/80e04a036294dd88d1d26b19.html