Formula PV with simple interest PV = FV / (1 + i·n) or PV = FV (1 + i· n)-1 FV with simple interest FV = PV (1 + i · n) Simple Interest INT = PV ·i ·n Future Value FV = PV(1 + i)n Present Value PV = FV(1 + i)-n Effective interest rate EAR = (1 + i/m)m -1 Annuity Future Value FV = C{[(1 + i)n - 1] / i} Annuity Present Value PV = C{[1 - (1 + i)-n] / i} Perpetuity PV = C / i Dividends, no growth P0 = D/ r Dividends, constant growth P0 = D1 / (r - g) Bond Pricing Formula: PV = C [ 1 – (1 + i)-n ] + FV(1 +i)-n i Net Present Value NPV = PV of future cash flows less Cost of investment _ _ Historical standard deviation = √ Σ [ ( Ri - R)2 + ....(Rn – R)2 ] / (n-1) Percentage return = (ending balance - opening balance + income) / opening balance Expected return on portfolio of two assets E(RP) = WAE(RA) + WBE(RB) Expected return on a portfolio E(RP) = Wi E(Ri) Portfolio Beta Pwii Capital Asset Pricing Model E(R) = RF + (RM - RF) EPS = {(EBIT - I)(1 - tc)} / S WACC = RD(1 - Tc) D / V + RE E / V + Rp (P/V) Cost of debt, if perpetual: Rd = INT/D Cost of Preference shares: Rp = Div / P0 V = D + E + P MM Ⅰ(without taxes): VL=VU MMⅡ(without taxes): RSR0B(R0RB)SL MM Ⅰ(with taxes): VL = VU + TC B MMⅡ(with taxes): RSR0B(1TC)(R0RB)SL 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/8a6d8523bf23482fb4daa58da0116c175e0e1e7f.html