英语课文
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Manufacturing gives jobs to people and makes the products consumers need. Manufacturing companies hire people with many types of skills and talents to help the companies compete well in the world of business. Manufacturing companies often divide themselves into several departments. A department is a small part of the company. Some of the more common departments found in large manufacturing companies include management, engineering, production, marketing, finances, and human resources. People with different talents, skills, and educational training can find many different types of jobs and careers in each of these departments. Management Department. For a manufacturing company to be successful, all of the departments must work together toward one goal. Management‘s job is to make sure all the departments work together. Workers in management, called managers, make company policies and then make sure the other departments follow these policies. Engineering Department. The engineering department designs, produces, and tests the first model of a new product. These first models are called prototypes. In the engineering department, scientists conduct tests and experiments on new materials like plastics, ceramics, and metal alloys. Technicians also work in the engineering department. A technician is usually a skilled and experienced design or production worker. Only the most experienced design or production worker. Only the most experienced and skilled technicians can work in the engineering department as drafters, designers, and machinists. Engineers are the problem-solvers when it comes to designing a new product or the system for making that product. Many engineering departments have a research and development team. This team is made up of the best engineers, technicians, and production workers. Their job is to create and test new product ideas. Production Department. The production department sets up and uses the tools and machines to make the product. A management worker, the supervisor, is normally in charge of this department. The supervisor tells the production workers what to do and then makes sure they do it. Supervisors also train new workers and encourage safe work habits. Frequently, supervisors begin as production workers. Production jobs use skilled, semiskilled, an unskilled labor. Skilled workers design and make specialized tools, jigs, fixtures, or quality control devices when they break down. Because their jobs require precision skills, these workers usually have years of manufacturing experience and training. Skilled workers also set up and operate a variety of machines, including computer controlled device such as lathes, mills, and even robots. Semiskilled workers run machines and use the special tools, jigs, and fixtures that are made and set up by skilled workers. Unskilled workers perform physically demanding, routine jobs. They include material handlers, helpers, and assemblers. Unskilled workers do not have the skills to run machinery. Marketing Department. The marketing department conducts market research and advertises, packages, sells, and distributes the product. Market in researchers do surveys to see what consumers want, if they like their product, and what price they will pay. They also compare their products to those of competitors. Advertisers decide which media will be used to publicize the new product. Artists, photographers, and writers prepare advertising campaigns for print media like newspapers, magazines, and direct mailing or for broadcast media like radio and television. The advertising department decides on a name and a trademark for the product as well as a theme or motto for the campaign. Package designers and artists match the product to the best packaging system. A good package is easy to make, adds little to the product cost, displays the best product features, and attracts consumer attention. Package designers want to make their product stand out from the crowd. They use bright colors as well as unusual package shapes, sizes, and trademarks. Salespeople identify ways to get the manufactured product into consumers’ hands. The consumer could be either an individual or another industry. When an individual buys a manufactured product, it is called an industrial sale. The job of salespeople, whether in retail or industrial sales, is to point out the product is best features as well as how it can be sold or used. Getting the product from the production facility to the consumer is the job of distribution or shipping workers. Distribution or shipping workers identify the most economical and efficient way to transport the product to the retail store. Comparisons of truck, train, boat, or plane transportation are made based on the cost of delivery, speed of delivery needed, and location of the retail store. Finance Department. Financial record-keeping is very important to manufacturing companies. The main objective of a manufacturing company is to make a profit on the product they produce and sell. The finance department track of all income and expenditures. Expenditures include payroll; materials costs; utility costs for lighting, heating, air conditioning, and machines; and the costs of buying and maintaining tools, equipment, and machines. Accountants, bookkeepers, and other record-keepers work in the finance department to make sure the company develops and follows a budget. Human resources Department. The human resources department is responsible for the following： 1. Recruitment--Recruiters identify new workers to fill vacant positions in the manufacturing company. They must match workers to the jobs by examining job applications and by conducting interviews and performance testing. 2. Training-Trainers are teachers in industry. They prepare new works for their jobs or teach experienced workers how to use new equipment. 3. Public Relations-Public relations people keep the general public aware of the most recent developments in the company. It is important that human resources workers get along well with other people. Their job is working with people to make the manufacturing company run smoothly and efficiently. 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/8ee520a8192e45361166f548.html