最新研究生英语试题.01
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精品好文档，推荐学习交流 2009年1月研究生英语学位课统考真题 A GENERAL ENGLISH QUALIFYING TEST FOR NON-ENGLISH MAJOR GRADUATE STUDENTS (GETJAN0309) PAPER ONE PART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSION Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be read only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet. 1. A. She does not really need his help. B. She has not started thinking about it yet. C. She is very grateful to the man for his advice. D. She has already talked with the man. 2. A. Climbing the mountain was terrible and exhausting. B. The mountain's scenery was extremely beautiful. C. He could hardly breathe after climbing onto the top. D. The wind atop the mountain was very strong. 3. A. Mixed. B. Fascinated. C. Enthusiastic. D. Disinterested. 4. A. The woman looks down upon Margaret. B. The woman feels jealous of Margaret. C. Margaret has the chance to meet stars at the White House. D. Margaret has set a high goal in her career. 5. A. He doesn't think the woman can do both things well. B. He doesn't think the woman can do both things at the same time. C. He suggests the woman stay at home to take care of her daughter. D. He encourages the woman to do a part-time job. 6. A. Chris and the man are good friends. B. Chris is ill so the man gives him some money. C. Chris told the man he decided to return the money. D. The man treats Chris as Chris has treated him. 7. A. The man will get a high score in the exam. B. The man didn't devote himself to his study. C. The woman would have helped him in the exam. D. The teacher is so strict that the students have to do what he says. 8. A. The man shows his good will to the woman. B. The man suggests her not regretting what's already happened. C. The woman is confident about handling a project well. D. The woman is upset because her milk was spilt. 仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除 谢谢1 精品好文档，推荐学习交流 9. A. He was playing a joke. B. He was leaving Boston. C. He was moving to Boston. D. He was selling his house himself. Section B Directions: In this section you will hear two mini-talks. At the end of each talk, there will be some questions. Both the talks and the questions will be read to you only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet. Mini-talk One 10. A. Social Research. B. World Values Survey. C. The World's Happiest Country. D. Perspectives on Psychological Science. 11. A. Happiness levels around the world do not really change. B. Many people around the world like to talk about happiness. C. Many people around the world are happier now than in the past. D. Many people around the world are less happy now than in the past. 12. A. The health-care system in the country is good. B. People in the country share strong family ties. C. There is no hunger in the country. D. There is no political and social unrest. Mini-talk Two 13. A. It can find small changes below ground before the earthquake. B. The devices are placed much deeper below ground. C. The new electrical devices are highly sensitive. D. It can help find the earthquake-prone area. 14. A. The flow of the underground water. B. The movement in the Earth's center. C. The increase of the temperature below ground. D. The rocks below ground pushing together. 15. A. It can help reduce the power of major earthquakes. B. It can provide a signal a few days before a major earthquake. C. It can provide a signal up to ten hours before a major earthquake. D. It can tell people where the earthquake center is. Section C Directions: In this section you will hear a short lecture. Listen to the recording and complete the notes about the lecture. You will hear the recording twice. After the recording you are asked to write down your answers on the Answer Sheet. You now have 25 seconds to read the notes below. 仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除 谢谢2 精品好文档，推荐学习交流 16. It is estimated that at least one million people die every year because of complications ______. 17. The program used by the United Nations agency to reduce mistakes is around a new ______. 18. In 2004, the death rate that surgical complications led to in developing countries was ______. 19. The very first step for the checklist is to confirm the ______ and the operation to be performed. 20. Surgical equipment is counted to make sure ______ stays in the patient. PART Ⅱ VOCABULARY Section A Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet. 21. With the debt approaching a staggering sum, this company had no choice but to declare bankruptcy. A. astonishing B. swaying C. trembling D. amusing 22. What you have just said seems to have nothing to do with the matter in question. A. under attack B. under consideration C. under suspicion D. under way 23. In the light of the current news his argument seems to be well grounded and convincing. A. On account of B. By means of C. With regard to D. In view of 24. Overseas athletes and officials were impressed by the superb performance of Chinese counterparts. A. unique B. splendid C. unbelievable D. imaginative 25. You don't have to ask him to render an account of his actions, for he rarely tells the truth. A. deliver B. narrate C. settle D. compress 26. Schools are advised to work together with parents to address the issue of addiction to computer games. A. speak to B. deal with C. take down D. go for 27. In contrast, the threat posed by the second source of major terrorism is real and large. A. proposed B. presented C. predicted D. prevented 仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除 谢谢3 精品好文档，推荐学习交流 28. Around the Spring Festival, a prevailing practice is to exchange greetings and visits. A. prevalent B. populous C. preceding D. present 29. My mom would rather put honesty first in her hierarchy of values, which is important for our growth. A. inventory B. grading C. accumulation D. assessment 30. We have come to realize the need to leave enough environmental space for our offspring. A. contemporaries B. ancestors C. descendants D. neighbors Section B Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet. 31. Some stories bring a smile, because they ______ some officials who care nothing but their own position. A. make sense of B. poke fun at C. give rise to D. let go of 32. The Environmental Protection Agency has put forward what ______ the most serious government warning to date. A. adds to B. objects to C. occurs to D. amounts to 33. These papers have helped to ______ the causes of depression and ways out of depression. A. catch sight of B. take advantage of C. shed light on D. get along with 34. A person must satisfy his physiological needs, such as food, clothing and shelter, before ______ any other objective. A. chasing B. pursuing C. sustaining D. searching 35. Wealth, advanced education and a ______ occupation can give a person high status in society. A. tedious B. weary C. prestigious D. notorious 36. Studies have shown that workers' desire to be accepted by co-workers could ______them more strongly than the desire to earn more money. A. hamper B. motivate C. intervene D. streamline 37. A network of miniature toxin detectors has been ______ in 30 American cities for the sake of bio-security. A. deployed B. committed C. indulged D. immersed 38. Since 2004, some 60 million visitors to the U.S. have had their two index fingerprints recorded by an ______ scanner. A. opposite B. organic C. occasional D. optical 仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除 谢谢4 精品好文档，推荐学习交流 39. With this sensitive machine, we can find the ______ of a milligram of aspirin in an Olympic-size swimming pool. A. counterpart B. equivalent C. average D. installation 40. The construction of ______ and theories reflects the scientists' interpretation of what has been observed. A. prototypes B. hypotheses C. fantasies D. imaginations PART Ⅲ CLOZE TEST Directions: There are 10 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet. Blue collar and government jobs are among the most (41) careers for U.S. graduates, according to U.S. News magazine's 2008 Best Careers report. U.S. employers are increasingly off shoring professional jobs. This means less jobs (42) college-graduate skills, the magazine says. As in many other countries, U.S. high school students are told that college is the (43) . So there's a growing (44) of skilled people in jobs that don't require a college education. But the report also says that some rewarding blue-collar careers, such as technical work in the biomedical equipment and security systems sectors, are more (45) to college graduates. These are more knowledge-based than the usual blue-collar jobs. Government is becoming an employer of (46) . Corporations, fueled by pressures to compete globally, continue to get ever (47) . Non-profit organizations are increasingly strapped for cash. Government is able to pay employees well, (48) their practices are economically sound, the magazine says. The report also indicates that social (49) may be the enemy of contentment in career. People are flocking in greater numbers to careers in the law, medicine and architecture. Yet recent surveys of job satisfaction in those professions (50) a less-than-rosy picture. 41. A. profitable B. promising C. prompt D. progressive 42. A. acquire B. inquire C. require D. request 43. A. route B. road C. passage D. way 44. A. shortage B. necessity C. decrease D. increase 45. A. capable of going B. likely to go C. prone to going D. able to go 46. A. right B. election C. choice D. occasion 47. A. fatter B. heavier C. lighter D. leaner 48. A. whether or not B. now and then C. off and on D. so and so 仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除 谢谢5 精品好文档，推荐学习交流 49. A. post B. status C. level D. grade 50. A. purchase B. demonstrate C. paint D. alter PART Ⅳ READING COMPREHENSION Directions: In this part of the test, there are five short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer from the four choices given and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet. Passage One Justin was always prepared. His motto was "Never throw anything out, you never know when it might come in handy." His bedroom was so full of fiat bicycle tires, bent tennis rackets, deflated basketballs, and games with missing pieces that you could barely get in the door. His parents pleaded with him to clean out his room. "What use is a fish tank with a hole in the bottom?" his father asked. But Justin simply smiled and repeated his motto, "Never throw anything out, you never know when it might come in handy." When Justin was away from home, he always carried his blue backpack. He liked to think of it as a smaller version of his bedroom--a place to store the many objects that he collected. It was so worn and stretched that it hardly resembled a backpack anymore. It was full of the kind of things that seemed unimportant, but when used with a little imagination, might come in handy. Justin had earned a reputation for figuring things out and getting people out of otherwise hopeless situations. Many of his classmates and neighbors sought him out when they needed help with a problem. On the first day of school, his friend Kenny, came looking for Justin. "Do you think you have something in your bag that could help me remember my locker combination?" he asked. "I lost the scrap of paper it was written on. I have science class in two minutes and if I'm late on the first day it'll make me look bad for the rest of the year." Kenny looked genuinely worried. "Relax," Justin said, taking his backpack off and unzipping the top. "Remember how you borrowed my notebook in homeroom to write the combination down? Well, I know how we can recover what you wrote." He took the notebook and a soft lead pencil out of his bag. The page that Kenny had written on had left faint indentations (印凹痕 ) on another page in the notebook. Justin held the pencil on its side and rubbed it lightly over the indentations. Slowly but surely the numbers of the locker combination appeared in white, set off by the gray pencil rubbings. "That's amazing!" Kenny said. "I owe you one." And he dashed off to open his locker. 仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除 谢谢6 精品好文档，推荐学习交流 51. Why is Justin's room such a mess? A. He always forgets to clean it. B. He never throws anything away. C. He has no time to clean it. D. He shares a room with Kenny. 52. The word "pleaded" in Paragraph 1 can best be replaced by ______. A. ignored B. asked C. pushed D. begged 53. In what way is Justin's backpack a smaller version of his bedroom? A. He uses it as a place to store objects. B. He uses it to carry his books and sports equipment. C. His parents tell him to clean it all the time. D. He has had it for too long a time. 54. How does Justin help his friends? A. He offers them advice. B. He loans them his backpack. C. He listens to their problems. D. He uses the objects in his backpack. 55. How come Justin could help Kenny recover his locker combination? A. Justin remembered Kenny's locker combination. B. Kenny had left the scrap of paper in Justin's backpack. C. Kenny had left indentations of the combination on Justin's notebook. D. Justin found the scrap of paper the locker combination was written on. 56. The author's purpose in writing this story is to ______. A. inform B. entertain C. educate D. satirize Passage Two Only moments after announcing a policy of zero tolerance on cellphone use in the classroom, Ali Nazemi heard a ring. Nazemi, a business professor at Roanoke College in Virginia, took out a hammer and walked towards a young man. He smashed the offending device. Students' faces turned white all over the classroom. This episode reflects a growing challenge for American college teachers in, as the New York Times puts it, a "New Class (room) War: Teacher vs. Technology". Fortunately, the smashed-phone incident had been planned ahead of time to demonstrate teachers' anger at inattentive students distracted by high-tech gadgets. At age 55, Nazemi stands on the far shore of a new sort of generational divide between teacher and student. The divide separates those who want to use technology to grow smarter from those who want to use it to get dumber. Perhaps there's a nicer way to put it. "The baby boomers seem to see technology as information and communication," said Michael Bugeja, the author of Interpersonal Divide: the Search for Community in a Technological Age. "Their 仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除 谢谢7 精品好文档，推荐学习交流 children seem to see the same devices as entertainment and socializing." All the advances schools and colleges have made to supposedly enhance learning have instead enabled distraction. Bugeja's online survey of several hundred students found that a majority had used their cell phones, sent or read e-mail, and logged onto social-network sites during class time. A quarter of the respondents admitted they were taking the survey while sitting in a different class. The Canadian company Smart Technologies makes and sells a program called SynchronEyes. It allows a classroom teacher to monitor every student's computer activity and to freeze it at a click. Last year, the company sold more than 10,000 licenses. The biggest problem, said Nancy Knowlton, the company's chief executive officer, is staying ahead of students trying to crack the program's code. "There's an active discussion on the Web, and we're monitoring it." Knowlton said. "They keep us on our toes." 57. Prof. Nazemi smashed the student's cellphone with a hammer because ______. A. students in his class didn't listen to his announcement B. he hated new gadgets such as cellphones C. he no longer tolerated cellphone use in the classroom D. he wanted to show how distractive the cellphone was 58. According to the passage high-tech gadgets can make youngsters ______. A. more intelligent B. more stupid C. study more easily D. get more information 59. "The baby boomers" in Paragraph 3 probably refers to ______. A. the generation of people like All Nazemi B. the generation of people like All Nazemi's students C. the very young babies D. the people who were born in the 1980s 60. All the following statements are true EXCEPT ______. A. schools have used advanced devices to enhance students' learning B. many students use their cellphones during class time C. young people see the interpersonal devices as toys D. schools' advanced facilities are effectively used by students 61. The biggest problem for the Canadian company Smart Technologies is ______. A. students may soon decode their program SynchronEyes B. whether they have the right to allow teachers to monitor students C. they must sell the program without the students' knowing of it D. they have to discuss whether the SynchronEyes is useful on the Web 62. The best title of this passage is ______. 仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除 谢谢8 精品好文档，推荐学习交流 A. Different Opinions Between Teachers and Students B. Classroom Chaos over Gadget Use C. The Development of Classroom Wars D. Keep Us on Our Toes Passage Three Hand in hand with the one you love, you gaze at the horizon to watch the earth rise. It sounds like science fiction, but companies around the world are working hard to make this sort of holiday a reality. The idea of space tourism has been around for nearly forty years now. At first NASA made plans for the ultimate in holiday destinations, but then private companies became involved in the mid- 1980s. The Challenger shuttle disaster of 1986 postponed their plans, but now space is back as a future holiday resort. The Hilton hotel group has produced ambitious and serious plans for hotels on the moon, as well as orbiting hotels, hoping to give their space tourists' different holiday experience. But zero-gravity will be a little uncomfortable. "There will be space motion sickness in the first few days, with headaches and nausea." says George Turner, a hopeful space tour operator. Hotels will try to prevent these problems by providing areas with the sensation of gravity. This means going to parts of the hotel that will be spinning. Centrifugal (离心的) force will push you against the wall, and give the feeling of some weight. Since it will be possible to lie down, many people will probably prefer to sleep in these areas. The alternative will be to strap themselves into a sleeping bag attached to a wall. Sunbathing will be possible, but will require some very strong sunscreen protection factor. 1,000 will do it. However the plans all depend on one thing: cheap space travel. At the moment the only re-usable rocket is NASA's space shuttle. The cost of each shuttle launch is U.S. $1 billion. A space craft that only costs U.S. $2 million per launch is what the travel industry is looking for. So far that remains a far-off dream, but it may come a lot closer if someone wins the X-Prize. Launched in 1997, the X-Prize offers U.S. $10 million to anyone who can build a re-usable space craft. All you have to do is launch three people 100 km into space twice within three weeks. So far 16 companies are racing to win the prize money. But the real prize will be the income from space tourism, estimated to be U.S.$12 billion per year: as Turner explains: "Just think what you'll be able to tell your friends that you had a holiday that was really out of this world!" 63. The idea of spending holidays in space ______. 仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除 谢谢9 精品好文档，推荐学习交流 A. was first proposed by NASA in the mid-1980s B. had been questioned by NASA for nearly 40 years C. became appealing to private companies in the mid-1980s D. drew the attention of private companies four decades ago 64. According to Hilton, in their hotels on the moon ______. A. zero gravity will not be a problem to tourists B. motion sickness is still unavoidable for tourists C. adjustment to space life will be easier with training for tourists D. excitement may help tourists overcome their physical discomfort 65. The spinning areas in space hotels will help tourists ______. A. take the sun bath B. sleep lying down C. fix their sleeping bags D. enjoy the space walk 66. What can we learn about the X-Prize? A. Its aim is to cut the cost of per space craft launch to U.S. $2 million. B. The winner has managed to put people into space twice in 3 weeks. C. It's offered by NASA to build a new type of reusable space craft. D. Many companies are competing to win the U.S. $10 million prize. 67. What is the attitude of Turner towards the future of space tourism? A. Confident. B. Cautious. C. Suspicious. D. Uninterested. 68. The passage is focused on ______. A. why it is possible to make space tourism a reality B. what should be done to prepare for space tourism C. the plans for space tourism and the existing problems D. the opportunities and challenges posed by space tourism Passage Four Defending the French language from the creeping invasion of English has long been a favorite pastime of France's elite. In 2006 Jacques Chirac walked out of a Brussels summit in protest at a Frenchman speaking in English. It is a point of national pride to protect French music, film, even advertising, from the corrupting influence of English. So why are the French giving up the struggle? As French children filed back to school on September 2nd, Xavier Darcos, the education minister, announced that he was increasing English-language teaching in the curriculum. "I've had enough of hearing that the French do not learn English," he said. "It's a big disadvantage for international competition." By the end of compulsory schooling, he promised, all pupils should be bilingual. The French are embracing English in less high-minded ways too. When they entered a song in English at this year's Eurovision song contest, it provoked ironic amusement abroad, but indifference at home. In fact for many young French musicians singing in English is now even de rigueur. "The children of globalization are giving up writing in 仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除 谢谢10 精品好文档，推荐学习交流 French," declared Le Monde, the bible of the French elite without apparent regret. Despite rules requiring advertising slogans in English to be sub-titled, French manufacturers still borrow English words. France's fashion press is another cross-dresser, writing of "Vive la fashion attitude". In a post-modern twist, teenagers are importing American slang via the heavily north African suburbs, where hip-hop flourishes and street dress is styled on New York city. Once this might have had official France speaking with indignation. The rules designed to fend off English remain--and are an obstacle to new musicians who do not qualify for the quota of radio time reserved for singers in French. Yet in the globalized, internet age, the French seem to realize, as Mr Darcos put it, that the losers from a refusal to learn English are themselves--and that speaking it need not make them less French. Part of this is down to Mr Chirac's successor, Nicolas Sarkozy, who, although no linguist, rejects the anti-Americanism that adds much hostility to English. Appropriately, the new album by his wife Carla Bruni, has a track in English--presumably not one his predecessor will listen to. 69. According to the education minister Xavier Darcos,______. A. French pupils will benefit from more English learning B. it is necessary to protect the French language in schools C. compulsory English lessons may not be as good as expected D. globalization has put the French language at an advantage 70. What does the phrase "de rigueur" in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Problematic. B. Unsuccessful. C. Tolerable. D. Proper. 71. It can be learned that le Monde ______. A. strongly supports the use of English B. is worrying about the rapid spread of English C. feels sorry that the French prefer English over French D. considers it acceptable for the French to use more English 72. Which of the following fields is NOT mentioned to demonstrate the rising English influence? A. Music. B. Commerce. C. Advertising. D. Fashion. 73. Compared with Mr. Chirac, President Sarkozy ______ Frenchman's using English. A. is more critical of B. cares too much about C. gives more support to D. gains more profits from 74. The best title for the passage is "______". A. The never-ending battle to defend the French language B. Predominance of the English language in modern France C. The French hostility to the English language is relaxed D. Tension emerged between the French and English languages Passage Five 仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除 谢谢11 精品好文档，推荐学习交流 For much of its history, psychology has seemed obsessed with human failings and pathology. The very idea of psychotherapy, first formalized by Freud, rests on a view of human beings as troubled creatures in need of repair. Freud himself was profoundly pessimistic about human nature, which he felt was governed by deep, dark drives that we could hardly control. The scientists who followed developed a model of human life that seemed to many mechanical if not robotic: humans were passive beings harshly shaped by the stimuli and the rewards and punishments that surrounded them. After World War Ⅱ, psychologists tried to explain how so many ordinary citizens could have agreed with fascism, and did work symbolized in the 1950 classic The Authoritarian Personality by T.W. Adorno, et al. Social psychologists followed on. Some of the most famous experiments proved that normal folk could become coldly insensitive to suffering when obeying "legitimate" orders or cruelly aggressive when playing the role of prison guard. A watershed moment arrived in 1998, when University of Pennsylvania psychologist Martin Seligman, in his presidential address to the American Psychological Association, urged psychology to "turn toward understanding and building the human strengths to complement our emphasis on healing damage." That speech launched today's positive psychology movement. Though not denying humanity's flaws, the new positive psychologists recommend focusing on people's strengths and virtues as a point of departure. Rather than analyze the psychopathology underlying alcoholism, for example, positive psychologists might study the toughness of those who have managed a successful recovery--for example, through organizations like Alcoholics Anonymous. Instead of viewing religion as a delusion and a support, as did Freud, they might identify the mechanisms through which a spiritual practice like meditation enhances mental and physical health. Their lab experiments might seek to define not the conditions that induce wicked behavior, but those that foster generosity, courage, creativity, and laughter. Seligman's idea quickly caught on. The Gallup Organization founded the Gallup Positive Psychology Institute to sponsor scholarly work in the field. In 1999, 60 scholars gathered for the first Gallup Positive Psychology Summit; two years later, the conference went international, and ever since has drawn about 400 attendees annually. 75. Psychotherapy is based on the idea that human beings ______. A. are suffering B. often lie C. are eager to control each other D. can effectively control themselves 76. According to Freud, human nature ______. A. was positive on the whole 仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除 谢谢12 精品好文档，推荐学习交流 B. was controlled by secret desires C. was inclined to control other people D. was becoming worse and worse 77. The research discussed in the second paragraph showed that ______. A. compassion was essential to human nature B. fascism had brought disasters to human nature C. suffering could not change human nature D. man could be harsh by nature 78. What does the passage say about positive psychology? A. It stresses that human nature is perfect. B. It rejects the role of religion. C. It began in 1998. D. It began in 1950. 79. What may be an example of "wicked behavior"(Para. 4)? A. Making a toy. B. Giving money to the poor. C. Drinking without control. D. Believing in a religion. 80. What does the passage say about Martin Seligman? A. His idea was hard for many people to understand. B. He stressed the role of good human qualities. C. He founded the Gallup Organization. D. His idea caused a lot of controversy. PAPER TWO PART Ⅴ TRANSLATION Section A Directions: Put the following paragraph into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on Answer Sheet Ⅱ. When dominant innovators in a science respond to the challenge of a situation that demands some change in its practice, this may take a number of forms, and rival schools may grow up around different leaders responding differently to a particular situation. These rivalries may be reinforced and perpetuated by the use of standard textbooks. Any empirical science must be able to cope with its own phenomena, and once any observation is accepted as relevant, its theory and modes of description and analysis must be able to handle it with scientific adequacy, of which exhaustiveness, consistency, economy are basic principles. The extension of a science to new but relevant fields may require the further elaboration and presentation of existing theory along previously-followed lines. Section B Directions: Put the following paragraph into English. Write your English version in the proper space on Answer Sheet Ⅱ. 仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除 谢谢13 精品好文档，推荐学习交流 中国学生在英语上花的时间比其他学科多得多，原因是英语需要泛读、机械记忆和经常复习。老师让学生做大量涉及多项移选择的练习，结果忽视了培养主动使用英语的能力。这种应试教育方式有利也有弊。 PART Ⅵ WRITING Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words under the title of "Transportation Has Changed People's Lives". Your composition should be based on the information given below: Choose one of the following types of transportation vehicles and explain why you think it has changed people's lives. ·automobiles ·bicycles ·airplanes Give specific reasons and examples to support your idea. 2009年1月研究生英语学位课统考真题答案及录音文字稿 参考答案试卷A PART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSION Section A 1．A 2．B 3．D 4．D 5．A 6．D 7．B 8．B 9．C Section B 10．B 11．C 12．A 13．A 14．D 15．C Section C 16．from surgical treatments． 17．Surgical Safety Checklist 18．5%～10% 19．patient's identity 20．nothing unnecessary PART Ⅱ VOCABULARY 21．A 22．B 23．D 24．B 25．A 26．B 27．B 28．A 29．B 30．C 31．B 32．D 33．C 34．B 35．C 36．B 37．A 38．D 39．B 40．B PART Ⅲ CLOZE TEST 41．B 42．C 43．D 44．A 45．B 46．C 47．D 48．A 49．B 50．C PART Ⅳ READING COMPREHENSION 51．B 52．D 53．A 54．D 55．C 56．B 57．C 58．B 59．A 60．D 61．A 62．B 63．C 64．B 65．B 66．D 67．A 68．C 69．A 70．D 71．D 72．B 73．C 74．C 75．A 76．B 77．D 78．C 79．C 80．B PART Ⅴ TRANSLATION Section A 仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除 谢谢14 精品好文档，推荐学习交流 参考译文： 形势要求某一学科改变研究方法，该学科主要革新者迎接形势的挑战时，可能采取若干形式，而且由于不同学术带头人对某一形势有不同的反应，会出现彼此对立的学派。标准教科书的使用加剧了对立的局面并使其长期存在。任何基于经验的科学必须能处理属于自己领域内的现象。一旦某个观察被认为是相关的，该学科的理论和描述分析方式必须能科学地对这一观察加以处理，内容详尽、观点一致和省钱省力是基本的原则。把某一学科延伸到新的相关领域，可能要求沿着先前的路线对现有的理论做进一步阐述和表达。 Section B 参考答案： Students in China spend much more time on English than on other courses (subjects), for it requires (demands/calls for) extensive reading, mechanical memorization and regular revision. Teachers have students do a lot of exercises involving (that involve) multiple choices, only to neglect (ignore) the cultivation (development) of the ability to use English actively. There are both advantages and disadvantages to this test-oriented teaching approach/This test-oriented teaching approach has both advantages and disadvantages. 录音文字稿 Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be read only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet. 1. Man: Do you know what you want to do when you finish your degree? Woman: I'll ask you if I ever need your advice. Question: What does the woman mean? 2. Woman: Hi, Jack! How about your trip to the mountain? Man: Oh, terrific! After climbing the mountain, standing on the top of it, we felt that the view took our breath away. Question: What does the man mean? 3. Woman: You should go to see the new movie. They are going to hold it over only for another 2 days. Man: Mm, normally I wouldn't but as you recommend it so strongly. Question: What is the man's usual attitude towards films? 4. Man: Margaret has become an intern at the White House. Woman: When it comes to pursuing professional goals, she likes to shoot for the stars. 仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除 谢谢15 精品好文档，推荐学习交流 Question: What can be inferred from the conversation? 5. Woman: I'd love to spend more time with my daughter, but I'd miss out on my career if I worked part time. Man: Yeah, it's tricky. You can't do both things whole-heartedly. Question: What does the man mean? 6. Woman: Why do you treat Chris like that? He is your friend, isn't he? Man: Friend? He often speaks ill of me, and I think it's time to pay him back in his own coin. Question: What does the man mean? 7. Man: I have to ask the teacher to give me a break, or else I'll certainly fail the exam. Woman: You should have studied harder. Question: What can be inferred from the conversation? 8. Woman: Given more time, I'm sure I would have done a good job. Man: I know you wish you'd handled the project more efficiently, but there's no use crying over spilt milk. Question: What can be inferred from the conversation? 9. Man: John must have been joking when he said that he was going to live in Boston. Woman: Don't be so sure. He told me that he was looking for an agent to sell his house. Question: What do we learn about John? Section B Directions: In this section you will hear two mini- talks. At the end of each talk, there will be some questions. Both the talks and the questions will be read to you only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet. Mini-talk One Do you live in a happy country? Chances are strong that you do. Results of a recent study have shown that many people around the world are happier now than in the past. The study is called the World Values Survey. Researchers responsible for the study are based at the University of Michigan Institute for Social Research in the United States. The researchers gathered information from opinion studies done in more than ninety countries or territories. Those studies were 仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除 谢谢16 精品好文档，推荐学习交流 completed between nineteen eighty-one and two thousand seven. More than three hundred fifty thousand people told how happy or unhappy they were feeling. They also said how generally satisfied or unsatisfied they felt. The results were reported in the publication "Perspectives on Psychological Science." University of Michigan political scientist Ronald Inglehart directed the World Values Survey. Mister Inglehart says the results surprised him. He said it is widely believed that it is nearly impossible for happiness levels for a whole country to improve. He said many earlier studies have suggested that happiness levels do not really change. Denmark was found to be the world's happiest country. Mister Inglehart notes that Denmark's health care is good and few Danes are hungry. Zimbabwe was rated as the least happy country. Zimbabweans have suffered from political and social unrest. Other nations in the top ten for happiness include Iceland, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Canada and Colombia. Colombia suffers from violence in some areas. But Mister Inglehart says Colombians share strong family, friendship and religious ties. He says those qualities are common in areas along the Caribbean Sea. And he says they help balance economic and political weakness. Also, America's Central Intelligence Agency says the Colombian government has been working harder to control the violence. Q10: What is the name of the study on people's happiness in different countries? Q11: What does the study show? Q12: Why was Denmark found to be the world's happiest country? Mini-talk Two Currently, the most modern systems for predicting earthquakes find them only a short time before the event. Like most strong earthquakes, the one that hit southwestern China in May was not identified early enough for people to flee the area. That earthquake killed sixty-nine thousand people. But scientists who study earthquakes are reporting that new technology could measure very small changes below ground in the Earth's surface. Their report was published in September in Nature magazine. Fenglin Niu is an earthquake expert with Rice University in Houston, Texas. He and his team performed experiments along California's San Andreas Fault, an area famous for its many earthquakes. The team placed highly sensitive electrical devices about one kilometer below ground in two different places. The devices were able to measure even small changes in air pressure below ground. The scientists say such changes are caused when rocks push together, 仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除 谢谢17 精品好文档，推荐学习交流 forcing air out of small cracks in the rock. When this happens, earthquake waves travel faster than usual through the rock. The experiment was performed near Parkfield, California. Two earthquakes hit the area in late two thousand five. The first took place on December twenty- fifth. A smaller earthquake struck five days later. The scientists noted changes below ground about ten hours before the first quake struck. That quake measured three in intensity. They then found similar changes taking place two hours before the other quake struck five days later. The earthquake in China rated seven point nine in intensity. If additional tests confirm the changes are linked to earthquakes, the scientists believe their equipment could be used for early warning systems. A system that provides a signal ten hours before a major earthquake could help move people from the area and save lives. The scientists now hope they can find earthquakes with even greater intensity by placing their equipment deeper in the ground. Q13: How can the new technology predict the coming earthquake? Q14: What causes the changes in air pressure below ground? Q15: How can the new technology save people's lives? Section C Directions: In this section you will hear a short lecture. Listen to the recording and complete the notes about the lecture. You will hear the recording twice. After the recording you are asked to write down your answers on the Answer Sheet. You now have 25 seconds to read the notes below. Doctors around the world now perform more than two hundred thirty million major operations every year. The World Health Organization says preventable injuries and deaths from medical operations are a growing concern. Experts estimate that at least one million people die every year because of complications from surgical treatments. The WHO says studies suggest that about half of these problems may be preventable. The United Nations agency hopes to reduce mistakes with a program built around a new Surgical Safety Checklist. Atul Gawande works at the Harvard School of Public Health in Boston, Massachusetts. He helped develop the Safe Surgery Saves Lives program. Doctor Gawande and other researchers studied records from fifty-six countries. In two thousand four, surgical complications in developed countries led to death in less than one percent of cases. In developing countries, the rate was five to ten percent. Complications can happen during an operation or after. For example, an infection might develop after an operation. 仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除 谢谢18 精品好文档，推荐学习交流 More than two hundred medical societies and health ministries have joined in the effort to make surgery safer. The new list is similar to what airplane pilots use before flying. One member of the surgical team is responsible for the checklist. The very first step is to confirm the patient's identity and the operation to be performed. More questions are asked before the first cut. All members of the team are supposed to identify themselves by name and job. Another step is to confirm whether the patient was given antibiotic drugs within the last hour to prevent infection. The third and final part of the checklist is completed before the patient leaves the operating room. For example, surgical equipment is counted to make sure nothing unnecessary stays in the patient. This is the end of Part One Listening Comprehension. 2009年1月研究生英语学位课统考真题精解 第一部分 听力理解 Section A 1．A 男士说：你知不知道读完学位后想做什么? 女士说：如果我需要你的指导我会找你的。因此，选择项A：“她不需要男士的帮助”是正确答案。 2．B 女士说：你好Jack，你们上山玩的怎么样? 男士说：好极了。爬到山上，站在山顶我觉得那景象真是美得让人吃惊。take breath away：使人大为吃惊。因此选择项B：“山上的风景美极了”是正确答案。 3．D 女士说：你应该去看看这部新电影。他们只剩两天就不放映了。 男士说：通常我是不会去的，但是这次你这么极力推荐，我就去看看吧! 这说明该男士平时对电影不感兴趣。D为正确答案。 4．D 男士说：Margaret已经当上白宫实习生了。 女士说：在追求专业目标方面她喜欢把目标定得很高。shoot for the stars：目标很高。 仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除 谢谢19 精品好文档，推荐学习交流 5．A 女士说：我很想多花些时间陪我的女儿，但如果我不做全日的工作又得不到职业生涯中期望得到的东西。miss out on：得不到期望中的东西 男士说：是的，是很复杂。你不可能一心二用。can't do both things whole-heartedly：不能全心做好两件事，因此A为正确答案。 6．D 女士说：你为什么那样对待Chris，他不是你的朋友吗? 男士说：朋友?他经常说我的坏话，我想现在应该是以其人之道还治其人之身的时候了。speak ill of sb.：说某人坏话；pay sb. back in his own coin：以其人之道还制其人之身。D为正确答案。 7．B 男士说：我得要求老师给我缓一缓，否则我考试肯定通不过。 女士说：你平时学习真应该努力一些。give sb. a break：让某人休息一下，缓一下；女士说的话是虚拟语气，说明男士平时学习不努力。 8．B 女士说：如果再给我些时间，我肯定能把这项工作做好。 男士说：我知道你希望把这个项目做得更好些，但是事已至此后悔也没用了。 there is no use crying over spilt milk：对不可挽回的损失后悔也没用。 9．C 男士说：John说他要搬到波士顿去，他肯定是在开玩笑。 女士说：不一定吧。他告诉我他想找中介卖房子呢。选择项C：“John可能真的要搬到波士顿去”是正确答案。 Section B 第一篇 10．B 报道中说：该项研究名称为“世界价值观调查”(the World Values Survey)。 11．C 报道中说：最近的一项研究结果表明世界上许多人都认为自己比过去更幸福。 仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除 谢谢20 精品好文档，推荐学习交流 12．A 报道中说：丹麦是世界上最幸福的国家，因为丹麦的医疗保健制度很好，而且饥饿的人很少。因此A为正确答案。 第二篇 13．A 14．D 报道中说：地下气压的变化是因为岩石挤压迫使岩缝中的气体排出而形成的。 15．C 报道中说：新的仪器可以在大地震发生前十小时之内发出信号。 Section C 16．from surgical treatment 17．Surgical Safety Checklist 18．5%～10% 19．patient's identity 20．nothing unnecessary 第二部分 词汇 21．A 该句意为：该公司债台高筑，令人吃惊，只好宣布破产。 stagger：走路摇摇晃晃，staggering：令人惊讶的；sway：摇晃，动摇，犹豫；tremble：颤抖；amuse：使……感兴趣，amusing：有趣的 22．B 该句意为：你刚刚说的话似乎与现在的话题无关。 in question：谈论或考虑之中的(out of the question：不可能的；without question：毫无疑问)；under attack：被攻击或抨击的；under consideration：考虑之中的；under suspicion：被怀疑的；under way：正在进行的(形容词是on going) 23．D 仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除 谢谢21 精品好文档，推荐学习交流 该句意为：考虑到当前的新闻，他的论点似乎理由充分、令人信服。 in the light of：考虑到(相当于considering)；by means of：借助于，通过；with regard to：有关，关于；in view of：鉴于，考虑到 24．B 该句意为：外国运动员和官员对中国同行们的出色表现留下了深刻印象。 superb：壮观的，华丽的，杰出的，极好的；unique：独一无二的，独特的；splendid：壮观的，精彩的；unbelievable：难以置信的；imaginative：富有想像力的 25．A 该句意为：你不必请他描述自己的所作所为，原因是他很少讲实话。 render：使……如何(类似make)，提供，给予；deliver：送货，发表(讲话)，产生(效果)，助产；narrate：描述，叙述；settle：解决，定居，结账；compress：压缩 26．B 该句意为：建议学校与学生家长合作，共同来解决网络游戏成瘾这个问题。 address：写地址，同……讲话，处理；speak to：同……说话；deal with：处理，应付；take down：记下；go for：支持 27．B 该句意为：相比而言，形成重大恐怖行动的第二个源头所构成的威胁不仅真实存在，而且严重。 pose：构成，摆姿势，提出；propose：建议，提议；present：提出，展示，展现，提交；predict：预测；prevent：防止，预防 28．A 该句意为：春节期间，一个盛行的做法就是互祝新年并走亲访友。 prevailing：占上风的，十分流行的；prevalent：流行的，主要的；populous：人口多的；preceding：上一个，前面的；present：当前的，现在的 29．B 该句意为：我妈妈宁愿把诚实放在价值观体系的首位，这对我们的成长十分重要。 仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除 谢谢22 精品好文档，推荐学习交流 hierarchy：层次，阶层，排序，最高级别官员；inventory：库存量；grading：分类，分等；accumulation：积累，累积；assessment：：评价，估计(形势) 30．C 该句意为：我们已逐渐意识到有必要为我们后代留下足够大的环境空间。 offspring：后代，子孙(不可数)；contemporary：当代的，当代人；ancestor：祖先； descendant：后裔，后人； neighbor：邻居，街坊 31．B 该句意为：有些故事讥讽那些只顾自己地位的官员，因此令人发笑。 make sense of：理解；poke fun at：嘲笑；give rise to：引起，导致；let go of：松开，放弃，扔掉 32．D 该句意为：环保局提出了可能是迄今为止政府部门发出的最严重的警告。 add to：增添，增加；object to：反对；occur to：想到；amount to：总计，无异于，等于 33．C 该句意为：这些论文有助于人们了解抑郁的原因和治疗方法。 catch sight of：一眼看到，突然发现；take advantage of：利用(往往为个人利益)；shed light on：有助于人们了解；get along with：与某人相处，某事进展如何 34．B 该句意为：一个人首先要满足衣食住等生理需求，然后才能追求其他目标。 chase：追赶；pursue：追求，执行，奉行；sustain：维持，忍受，持续；search：搜查(search for：寻找) 35．C 该句意为：财富、良好的教育和令人羡慕的工作能提升一个人的社会地位。 tedious：单调乏味的，烦人的；weary：疲劳的，厌倦的，烦人的；prestigious：有地位的，著名的；notorious：众所周知的(最好不要翻译成“臭名昭著的”) 36．B 仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除 谢谢23 精品好文档，推荐学习交流 该句意为：研究表明，同希望增加收入相比，希望得到同事们的认可更能激发工人的劳动热情。 hamper：妨碍；motivate：提供前进的动力，激励；intervene：干涉，介入；streamline：使……流线型，精简 37．A 该句意为：为了确保生物安全，美国有30个州部署了微型毒素检测网。 deploy：部署；commit：犯(罪或错误)，派兵，be committed to：致力于，对……承诺或有义务；be indulged in：沉迷于；be immersed in：浸泡在，专心于(相当于be absorbed in) 38．D 该句意为：2004年以来，大约有6,000万进入美国的人接受光扫捕仪的检查，留下了食指指纹。 opposite：对面的，在……对面，反义词，相反的东西；organic：有机的；occasional：偶尔的；optical：光学的 39．B 该句意为：这台机器的灵敏度相当于能在奥运会标准的游泳池中发现1毫克阿司匹林。 counterpart：同等地位或作用的人或机构；equivalent：对应词，等量物，等价物；average：平均量；installation：安装 40．B 该句意为：提出假说和理论反映了科学家在解释观察到的现象。 prototype：(小说或电影的)原型；hypothesis：假说，假设；fantasy：幻想，异想天开，怪念头；imagination：想像 第三部分 完形填空 41．B 文中第一句：对于美国大学毕业生来说蓝领和政府的工作是最有希望的工作了。profitable有利可图的；promising有希望的，有前途的；prompt：敏捷的，迅速的，及时的；progressive前进的，进步的 42．C 仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除 谢谢24 精品好文档，推荐学习交流 第一段最后一句：这就意味着越来越少的工作需要大学毕业生的技能。acquire获得，学到；inquire询问；require需要，要求；request请求，要求，邀请 43．D 第二段第一句：像许多国家一样，美国高中生被告知上大学才是出路。route线路；road道路；passage通道；way路，出路 44．A 第二段第二句：所以在不需要大学教育的工作中有技能的人越来越缺乏。 45．B 第二段第三句：但是报告也指出有些报酬较高的蓝领工作，如生物医学设备和安全系统部门的技师工作更可能雇用大学毕业生。capable of going有能力，有可能；likely to go很可能；prone to going倾向于；able to go能够 46．C 第三段第一句：政府正在成为人们优选的雇主。choice：精选品，优选品 47．D 第三段第二句：由于全球竞争的压力大公司也不断缩减人员。fatter更胖；heavier更重；lighter更轻；leaner更瘦 48．A 第三段第三句：该杂志说：无论管理的好与坏，政府都能给员工高工资。whether or not无论；now and then偶尔；off and on断断续续；so and so如此这般 49．B 第三段第四句：报告还指出社会地位可能是职业满意度的大敌。post职位；status地位；level水平，水准；grade等级 50．C 文章最后一句：然而最近对于专业人员工作满意度的调查，显示情况并不怎么好。paint a rosy picture：捕绘美好景色，前景光明。purchase买；demonstrate示范，表明；alter改变 第四部分 阅读理解 第一篇 51．B 仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除 谢谢25 精品好文档，推荐学习交流 第一段第二、三句：Justin的座右铭是“什么东西都别扔，谁知道什么时候就用得上它们。”come in handy：迟早有用；派得上用场。他的房间里堆满了没气的自行车轮胎、弯了的网球拍、瘪了的篮球、缺了零件的玩具，以至于几乎都进不去人了。 52．D 第一段最后一句：他父母肯求他把房间清理一下。 53．A 第三段第二句：他喜欢把自己的背包当作一个小型的房间，他把许多收集来的东西都放在里面。 54．D 第三段第四句：包里装满了看起来不重要的东西，但只要用一点儿想像力就派得上用场。第四段第一句又说：Justin获得了好名声：他能够想办法帮助人们摆脱困境。 55．C 第六段第二句：Justin说：“你记不记得你是借我的笔记本写下储物柜密码的?”第七段第二句：Kenny写下密码的下一页纸上留下了轻轻的印痕。Justin拿出铅笔用侧面轻轻地涂，慢慢地白色的密码就显现出来了。 56．B 本文作者只是讲了Justin的故事，很有意思，但不是为了提供什么信息，不是为了教育人，也不是为了讽刺，因此B为正确答案。 第二篇 57．C 第一段：All Nazemi老师刚刚宣布他对课堂上使用手机采用零容忍的政策，就听到手机铃声响了。他拿出一把小锤走向那名学生并砸碎了手机。 58．B 第三段：All Nazemi教授55岁，他站在这种新型的老师与学生两代人分歧的前沿。这一分歧把两代人分开，老师们利用高科技产品是想使自己更聪明，而这些学生在课堂上用高科技产品会变得更愚蠢。dumb：沉默的；哑的；愚笨的。 59．A 仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除 谢谢26 精品好文档，推荐学习交流 第三段第三句起：生育高峰出生的这一代人把高科技看作是信息的来源和通讯工具。……而他们的孩子则把这些高科技产品看成是娱乐和社交的工具。baby boomers：指二战后生育高峰时期出生的人 60．D 第四段：中小学里和大学里所有的先进设备本来是为了提高教学水平的，结果都成了分散学生注意力的东西。 61．A 最后一段第四句：公司的CEO说：最大的问题就是公司要保持走在试图破解密码的这些学生的前面。 62．B A：“老师与学生的不同意见”题目太大；B：“因使用手机等造成的课堂混乱”与文章内容符合，因此是正确答案；C：“教室里战争的发展”离题太远；D：“他们让我们保持警觉，时刻准备行动”与全文中心太远。 第三篇 63．C 第二段第二、三句说：太空旅行的想法已经存在了将近40年。最初是美国航空航天局制定计划将太空作为旅行目的地，到了20世纪80年代中期很多私人公司也开始参与其中。 64．B 第三段最后两句说：零重力会让人有些不舒服。正如George Turner所说“最初几天会感觉头晕恶心。” 65．B 第四段说旅店会提供有重力感的区域。这些区域中的离心力能将人推到墙上，造成重力的感觉，人们因此可以躺着睡觉，所以很多人会喜欢睡在这些区域。 66．D 最后一段前三句说：X-Prize设立于1997年，提供1,000万美元奖金奖励能够造出可重复使用的太空飞船的人。获奖者需要在三周时间内两次将三个人送入100公里外的太空。目前共有16个公司在竞争，希望赢取这项奖金。 67．A 仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除 谢谢27 精品好文档，推荐学习交流 最后一段第四句说：太空旅行的收人预计可达到每年120亿美元。最后一句Turner说：“想想看如果你能告诉朋友们你是在这个世界之外的某个地方度了假会是什么感觉。”可以看出他对太空旅行的未来持乐观态度。 68．C 一些私人公司如希尔顿酒店集团的太空旅行计划以及推行太空旅行面临的主要问题，即需要相对便宜、能够重复使用的太空飞船。 第四篇 69．A 第二段说法国教育部长宣布增加学校教授英语的时间。他说：“关于法国人不学英语我已经听得太多了。这对国际竞争大大不利。”他保证到义务教育结束时所有孩子都能说双语。 70．D 第三段说法国人在教育之外的其他方面也开始乐于使用英语。他们在今年的歌唱比赛中唱了英语歌在国内却没有引起什么反应。而且现在对很多音乐人来说唱英语歌甚至是必须的。de rigueur的意思是必须的、合宜的。 71．D 第三段最后一句说：被誉为法国精英阶层圣经的《世界报》说“全球化时代的孩子正在放弃写法语”时并没有带着明显的遗憾。说明《世界报》认为这是可以接受的。 72．B 第三段提到了音乐。第四段提到了广告和时尚媒体。没有提到英语对商业的影响。 73．C 最后一段最后两句说：这一切与希拉克总统的继任、现任法国总统萨科齐大有关系。萨科齐反对在反美名义支持下的敌视英语的做法。而且他的夫人新出的唱片中也有一支英语单曲，大概他的前任希拉克是不会听的。说明和希拉克相比，萨科齐对法国人使用英语给予了更多的支持。 74．C 英语在法国各个领域使用频率日益增加，法国人正在逐渐放弃对英语敌视态度。 第五篇 仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除 谢谢28 精品好文档，推荐学习交流 75．A 第一段前两句说：心理学的历史上大部分时间关注的是人的弱点和病症。由弗洛伊德首先提出的心理治疗也是基于人是一种需要救助的、烦恼的动物这一观点。 76．B 第一段第三句说：弗洛伊德对人性持悲观认识。他认为人会受到自己无法控制的深层邪恶力量驱使。 77．D 第二段主要介绍了对二战时认同法西斯的普通民众的研究。一些著名实验证明普通人在执行“合法”命令时会漠视别人的苦难，在扮演狱卒的角色时会具有残忍的攻击性。也就是说人的本性可能是残酷的。 78．C 第三段谈到心理学研究的转折点出现在1998年。Martin Saligman在美国心理协会的主席发言中鼓励心理学研究“朝着理解和发扬人类优点，协助减轻伤害的方面发展。”这个发言开启了积极心理学运动。 79．C 第四段主要介绍了积极心理学和传统心理学的差异。传统心理学更注重人的缺点，而积极心理学在承认人的缺点的同时，更注重强调有利于改进的人的优点和好的品质。最后一句说：他们的实验追求的不是研究引发有害行为的条件，而是激励慷慨、勇气、创造力和欢乐的条件。这里“wicked behavior'’指的是有害的行为。 80．B 第四段主要介绍了积极心理学和传统心理学的差异。传统心理学更注重人的缺点，而积极心理学在承认人的缺点的同时，更注重强调有利于改进的人的优点和好的品质。最后一句说：他们的实验追求的不是研究引发有害行为的条件，而是激励慷慨、勇气、创造力和欢乐的条件。 第五部分 翻译 Section A 形势要求某一学科改变研究方法，而该学科主要革新者迎接形势的挑战时，可能采取若干形式，而且由于不同学术带头人对某一形势有不同的反应，会出现彼此对立的学派。标准教科书的使用加剧了对立的局面并使其长期存在。任何基于经验的科学必须能处理属于自己领域内的现象。一旦某个观察被认为是相关的，该学科的理论和描述分析方式必须能科学地加以处理，内容详尽、观点仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除 谢谢29 精品好文档，推荐学习交流 一致和省钱省力是基本的原则。把某一学科延伸到新的相关领域可能要求沿着先前的路线对现的理论做进一步阐述和表达。 [英译汉难点说明] 1．...a situation that demands some change in its practice句中，that引导定语从句，修饰situation。该句中的practice最好不要翻译成“实践”，可译为“研究方法”。主句中的this指代从句。并列句中的schools正确意义是“学派”或“流派”，而不是“学校”。 2．第3行中的responding differently to...是定语，修饰leaders。a particular...的确切意义是“某一个”，而不是“特殊的”，如flow in a particular direction或learn a particular foreign language，根本没有“特殊的方向”或“特殊的外语”。perpetuate的意义可通过其形容词形式perpetual推断。 3．第7行中的it指代从句中的observation，而...of which...是非限定性定语从句，修饰scientific adequacy。最后一句中的elaboration与presentation是并列的，“阐述”的对象是existing theory。 Section B High school students spend much more time on English than on other courses(subjects), for it requires(demands/calls for)extensive reading， mechanical memorization and regular revision．Teachers have students do a lot of exercises involving(that involve)multiple choices，only to neglect(ignore)the cultivation(development)of the ability to use English actively. There are both advantages and disadvantages to this test-oriented teaching approach/This test-focused teaching approach has both advantages and disadvantages. [汉译英难点说明] 1．注意spend的使用特点：spend time doing something/spend time on something/spend money on something都是正确的，但不要使用spend time to do something。使用比较级时，同一个介词需要重复，如depend as much on parents as on friends/learn more from teachers than from books。该句不能使用take。翻译第一句时，许多学生受汉语影响，句子以time开头，把句子翻译为the time Chinese students spend on English is much more than that spent on other courses，这样的思维方式应该避免。英文中比较时习惯以动作执行者作主语。例如，翻译“我这学期选的课是你的二倍”这句话时，最好不要说the courses I take this semester are twice as many as yours，不仅不符合语言习惯，也有错误的嫌疑，最好翻译为I take twice as many courses as you do this semester。 仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除 谢谢30 精品好文档，推荐学习交流 2．看到汉语词“需要”时，学生往往首先想到英语单词need，而不考虑上下文。实际上，不同的“需要”有不同的译法，表示“需要”的英语词有need、require、demand、call for、involve、take、entail、necessitate。“英语需要泛读”中的“需要”最好用require或call for。既然require往往要求接名词，“记忆”和“复习”就应该用memorization和revision，所以“经常”不能翻译成often。翻译“某件事需要做……”时可用involve doing something，如this operation involves repairing blood vessels。使用involve(涉及)时要小心词形，本段中的句子不能写成exercises involved/involved in the multiple choice，而应该使用involving，同样，表达“参与”时，不能使用involve something或involve in something，而应使用be(get)involved in。 3．翻译“让某人做……”时，国内学生倾向于使用let或make，忽略了have somebody do something这个用法。 4．表达“出乎意料的结果”时，英语中常用only to do...来表达，没必要使用as a result或consequently。 5．有些抽象名词习惯上接不定式充当定语(也有人称为同位语)，其他一些名词接of doing...作定语，还有几个名词接两者都可。第一类名词主要有ability、attempt、courage、decision、determination、eagerness、effort、endeavor、failure、hope、inability、inclination、need、power、right、reluctance、request、willingness。“主动使用英语的能力”最好翻译为the ability to use English actively。 sunry@bistu.edu.cn 中 国 地 理 一、概况 1.地理位置和范围 海陆位置：亚洲东部，太平洋西岸。临渤海-黄海-东海-南海，内海为渤海和琼州海峡，黄海、渤海全部分布在大陆架、东海大部分、南海一部分。海岸线长18000多千米。 经纬度位置：4°N-53°N（分属热带和北温带），73°E-135°E（分属五个时区）。 范围：北至黑龙江主航道中心线；南至南沙群岛的曾母暗沙； 西至新疆帕米尔高原；东至黑龙江和乌苏里江主航道中心线交汇处。 2.邻国：14个陆上邻国（陆界长2万多千米），6个隔海相望国家。 3.行政区划：34个省级行政单位，包括23个省5个自治区4个直辖市2个特别行政区。 仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除 谢谢31 精品好文档，推荐学习交流 4.民族： 56个民族，汉族人口最多，少数民族中人口最多的壮族（满、回、苗、维吾尔、彝、土家、蒙古、藏）。 各民族大杂居、小聚居。汉族分布遍及全国，集中在东部、中部。 少数民族集中分布在西南、西北、东北等边疆地区，云南、贵州、广西、新疆等是我国少数民族聚居的省区。 5.人口：东部人口多，人口密度较大；西部人口少，人口密度小。人口密度线：黑龙江黑河至云南的腾冲一线。 农村人口比重仍然偏大。城市发展政策：严格控制大城市规模，合理发展中小城市，建设新型乡镇，大小城市有机结合，城乡人口合理布局。 侨乡：广东、福建。人口方面的基本国策：控制人口数量，提高人口素质。 二、地形 1.地形的总体特征：地势西高东低，呈阶梯状分布；地形多种多样，山区面积广大（2/3）。 海拔（米） 主要地形类型 第一级阶梯 4000米以上 高原 界线：昆仑山——祁连山——横断山 第二级阶梯 1000～2000米 高原、盆地 界线：大兴安岭——太行山——巫山——雪峰山 第三级阶梯 500米以下 平原、丘陵 ①关注：阶梯交界处的水电站 ②我国沿不同经纬度的地形剖面图：沿经线作剖面：30°N、38°N、45°N沿纬线作剖面：90°E、100°E、110°E 2.地形地势对气候河流的影响 利于湿润空气深入内地形成降水； 地势对气使许多大河自西向东流、沟通东西交通； 河流从高一级阶梯流入低一级阶梯地段，落差大，产生巨大水候 能； 3．主要山脉——构成地形骨架，成为地形区之间的分界线（结合地形图） 东西走向：北：天山—阴山； 中：昆仑山—秦岭； 南：南岭 东北—西南走向：东：台湾山； 中：长白山—武夷山； 西：大兴安岭—太行山—巫山—雪峰山 弧形山脉：喜马拉雅山世界最雄伟，主峰珠穆朗玛峰位于中国、尼泊尔边境，海拔8848米 其他走向：西北——东南走向：阿尔泰山、祁连山； 南北走向：横断山脉、贺兰山 注意：跨三级阶梯的山脉——秦岭； 位于第三级阶梯的山脉：长白山、南岭、武夷山、台湾山脉。 省区界线附近的山脉：太行山（山西、河北） 贺兰山（内蒙古、宁夏） 武夷山（江西、福建）、 南岭（湖南、广东） 大巴山（四川、陕西） 巫山（重庆、湖北） 祁连山（甘肃、青海） 流域界线：巴颜喀拉山和秦岭（黄河、长江）、南岭（珠江、长江）、冈底斯山（雅鲁藏布江、怒江）、 仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除 谢谢32 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/966b56e70608763231126edb6f1aff00bfd57054.html