if引导的条件状语从句中的虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设。该语法主要用于if条件状语从句。 一、if引导的条件状语从句的分类及虚拟条件句的判断 1、可以把条件句分为两类: 1).真实条件句(Sentences of Real Condition):凡是假设的情况发生性可能很大,就是真实条件句。例如: ⑴、If I have time , I will help you with this work.如果我有时间会帮助你做此工作的。 (2)、If time permits, we'll go fishing together.(如果有时间的话,我们就一起去钓鱼。)2).虚拟条件句(Sentences of Unreal Condition):当假设是不大可能实现时,就是虚拟条件句。例如: ⑴、If I were you , I would have attended the meeting.如果我是你的话,就去参加会议了。 ⑵、If he had come here yesterday, he would have seen his old friend.假如他昨天来这儿的话,就会看见他的老朋友。 (3)、If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.(如果昨天下雨的话,我们就会留在家里。) 2、if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断 判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思,看假设的条件是否能够实现,能够实现是真实条件句,不能使用虚拟语气;假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句,要用虚拟语气。 判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况:①与过去事实相反。②与现在事实相反。③与将来事实可能相反。 3、“后退一步法” 1 / 3 后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后,按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。即:在非真实条件状语从句中,谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。也就是:①与过去事实相反,在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。 ②与现在事实相反,在从句中用过去一般时形式表示。 ③与将来事实可能相反,在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。主句中则用情态动词would, should, could等加一个与从句一致的动词形式。例:⑴、If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him. ⑵、If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students. ⑶、If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn't go out. 一、与过去事实相反 连接词条件从句结果从句 Should Ifhad+过去分词Would + have+过去分词could might 二、与现在事实相反 连接词条件从句 Should If1.动词过去式(或were) 2.助动词(过去式)+动词原形Would +动词原形 could might 三、与将来事实相反 2 / 3 本文来源:https://www.wddqw.com/doc/a3c27b53b4360b4c2e3f5727a5e9856a561226d5.html