★ 名词复数的加法： 1. 直接加s 如：balls boys birds students teachers officers drivers 2. 词尾辅音字母加 y →ies story→ stories baby – babies factory→factories secretary→ secretaries 3. 词尾为s ，x ，ch ，sh 后 + es 如：glasses boxes watches dishes brushes 4. Nigroes , heroes ,potatoes , tomatoes 其余的o结尾+ s 5. 词尾为–f → ves 如：shelf →shelves leaf →leaves handkerchief →handkerchiefs/ves 词尾为-fe→ves 如： knife→knives life→lives wife→wives 但：roofs 屋顶 chiefs首领 proofs证据 serfs农奴 gulfs海湾 特殊： foot tooth bison sheep deer Chinese man woman (German) child mouse ox feet teeth bison sheep deer Chinese men women ( Germans) children mice oxen 脚 牙齿 野牛 绵羊 鹿 中国人 男人 女人 德国人 孩子 老鼠 公牛 ★ 名词所有格 有生命的所有格构成：名's 或 名-s' girl's children's man's boss' the smiths' 无生命物体名词所有格：of + 名词 a leg of the chair , the gate of our school 特殊：the key to the door 用法： 1. 可带名词。China's population ； This is Lucy's cat. 2. 也可不带名词 。 This cat is Lucy's. 3. 表示节日： Children's Day Women's Day Teachers' Day April Fools’ Day 4. twenty minutes' walk → a twenty-minute walk two months' holiday → a two-month holiday 5. 表示共同拥有： Lucy and Lily 's father 表示各自拥有： Lucy 's and Lily 's hands 6. 表示地点： at the doctor's ，在诊所 go to the barber's 去理发店 注意：1、the + 姓的复数表示一家人： the Reads , the Smiths 作主语时谓语用复数 2、 带有连接符号的作定语的名词不能加s或es： some 16-year-old boys , 3、作定语的名词一般不用复数形式 two banana trees some girl students 除 a man teacher two men teachers , a woman teacher three women doctors 外 修饰可数名词和不可数名词： some any 只修饰可数名词复数： many few 只修饰不可数名词： much little a little= a bit of a great deal of a large amount of the amount of lots of = a lot of a few large quantities of a number of a large quantity of a large number of plenty of the number of a mass of = masses of 1 ★动词一般现在时第三人称单数的变化规则 （动词三单式） 1. 一般在动词结尾直接加s help --- helps climb --- climbs talk --- talks sing --- sings lives stays 2. 以s, x, ch, sh, o结尾的动词加es； guess --- guesses teach --- teaches watch --- watches wash --- washes wish--- wishes go---goes do---does 3. 以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词, 变y为i后, 加es study --- studies hurry --- hurries carry--- carries try --- tries fly --- flies 4.特殊： have- has be- is ★ 动词现在分词变化规则 （doing形式） 1. 一般在动词结尾直接加 ing help—helping climb--- climbing sing--- singing look—looking go—going listen--- listening buy---buying stay--- staying fly— flying 2. 去掉词尾不发音的 e 后 加 ing take --- taking come --- coming shave --- shaving give—giving type-- typing shine—shining live --- living arrive--- arriving ( 但：seeing ， being ) 3. 重读闭音节 ，一元音字母 + 一辅音字母 结尾的，双写这个辅音字母 后加 ing run—running sit—sitting put—putting shut – shutting swim—swimming get—getting set – setting drop—dropping stop—stopping shop -- shopping hit –hitting plan –planning step- stepping begin—beginning 4. 特殊3个：lie（ 躺，位于，说谎）– lying die死 - dying tie系上帮上 – tying ★ 规则动词的过去式和过去分词的加法 1. 一般情况下，动词词尾加 -ed worked talked walled played stayed wanted watched washed needed 2.以不发音的 -e 结尾动词，动词词尾加 -d liked lived typed shaved moved raised decided 3.以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i 再加-ed， study--studied carry-- carried hurry—hurried try-- tried copy--copied cry-- cried 4. 重读闭音节 ，一元音字母 + 一辅音字母 结尾的，双写词尾辅音字母，再加 -ed stopped begged dropped planned dripped 使滴下 dropped 丢下,扔下;降低 stepped preferred 2 写出下列动词的三单式、现在分词，过去式和过去分词 1. stand 2. sit 3.bring 4. take 5. come 6．go 7. leave 8. run 不可数名词 液体、饮料 water tea coffee Scotch Whisky wine beer milk butter honey orange 橘子汁 lemonade 柠檬汽水 oil 油 soup汤水 salt 盐 jam 酱 soy sauce 酱油 vinegar 醋 sugar 糖 肉类 meat 肉 beef 牛肉 lamb 羔羊肉 steak 牛排 mince 肉馅 chicken 鸡肉 fish 鱼肉 duck 鸭肉 pork 猪肉 （pork ribs 猪排骨） 9. look 10. see 11.find 12. feel 13. borrow 14. lend 15. keep 16. carry 17.have 18. help 19. give 20.know 21. get 22. buy 23. sell 24. turn 25. put 26. ask 27. tell 28. say 29. speak 30. talk 31. catch 32 .make 33. hope 34. think 35. eat 36. live 37. work 38 . learn 39. rest 40. sleep soap tobacco paper writing paper 信纸 chalk work homework housework news medicine advice information news 修饰词 some any plenty of much a great deal of little a little mutton 羊肉 goose 鹅肉 food bread rice chocolate cheese 3 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/c6facbe0f12d2af90242e6f6.html