2015年专业四级英语真题（翻译） Passage 3（翻译） The war on smoking, now five decades old and counting, is one of the nation's greatest public health success stories - but not for everyone. As a whole, the country has made amazing progress. In 1964, four in ten adults in the US smoked; today fewer than two in ten do. But some states - Kentucky, South Dakota and Alabama to name just a few - seem to have missed the message that smoking is deadly. Their failure is the greatest disappointment in an effort to save lives that was started on Jan. 11, 1964, by the first Surgeon General's Report on Smoking and Health. Its finding that smoking is a cause of lung cancer and other diseases was major news then. The hazards of smoking were just starting to emerge. The report led to cigarette warning labels, a ban on TV ads and eventually an anti-smoking movement that shifted the nation's attitude on smoking. Then, smokers were cool. Today, many are outcasts, rejected by restaurants, bars, public buildings and even their own workplaces. Millions of lives have been saved. The formula for success is no longer guesswork: Adopt tough warning labels, air public service ads, fund smoking cessation programs and impose smoke-free laws. But the surest way to prevent smoking, particularly among price-sensitive teens, is to raise taxes. If you can stop them from smoking, you've won the war. Few people start smoking after turning 19. The real-life evidence of taxing power is powerful. The 10 states with the lowest adult smoking rates slap an average tax of $2.42 on every pack -- three times the average tax in the states with the highest smoking rates. New York has the highest cigarette tax in the country, at $4.35 per pack, and just 12 percent of teens smoke, far below the national average of 18 percent. Compare that with Kentucky, where taxes are low (60 cents), smoking restrictions are weak and the teen smoking rate is double New York's. Other low-tax states have similarly dismal records. Enemies of high tobacco taxes cling to the tired argument that they fall disproportionately on the poor. True, but so do the deadly effects of smoking, far worse than a tax. The effect of the taxes is amplified further when the revenue is used to fund initiatives that help smokers quit or persuade teens not to start. Anti-smoking forces have plenty to celebrate this week, having helped avoid 8 million premature deaths in the past 50 years. But as long as 3,000 adolescents and teens take their first puff each day, the war is not won. 禁烟斗争已经持续了50年，而且还在持续，它是美国最伟大的公共卫生成功案例之一——但并非对每个人都是如此。 总的来说，这个国家取得了惊人的进步。1964年，美国每十个成年人中就有四个吸烟;今天只有不到十分之二的人这样做。但是一些州——肯塔基州、南达科他州和阿拉巴马州——似乎忽视了吸烟是致命的这一信息。 1964年1月11日，第一份卫生局局长关于吸烟与健康的报告提到的开始为了拯救生命的努力，他们的失败是这一努力最令人失望的地方。研究发现吸烟是导致肺癌和其他疾病的主要原因。吸烟的危害才刚刚开始显现。 这份报告导致了香烟警告标签，电视广告禁令，最终引发了一场反吸烟运动，改变了美国人对吸烟的态度。那时，吸烟者很酷。今天，许多人被排斥在外，被餐馆、酒吧、公共建筑甚至自己的工作场所所拒绝。数百万人获救。 成功的秘诀不再是猜测:采用严厉的警告标签、航空公共服务广告、资助戒烟计划以及实施无烟法律。但是防止吸烟最可靠的方法，尤其是在对价格敏感的青少年中，是提高税收。如果你能阻止他们吸烟，你就赢了这场战争。很少有人在19岁以后开始吸烟。 税收权力的现实证据是强有力的。成人吸烟率最低的10个州对每包烟征收2.42美元的平均税，是吸烟率最高的州平均税的三倍。 纽约的烟草税是全国最高的，每包4.35美元，只有12%的青少年吸烟，远低于全国18%的平均水平。相比之下，肯塔基州的税率较低(60美分)，吸烟限制较弱，青少年吸烟率是纽约的两倍。其他低税收州也有类似的惨淡记录。 反对征收高额烟草税的人不厌其烦地争论，烟草税不成比例地落在了穷人身上。确实如此，但吸烟的致命影响也是如此，甚至比税收严重得多。当税收被用于资助帮助吸烟者戒烟或劝说青少年不要开始吸烟的计划时，税收的效果会进一步放大。 反吸烟力量本周有很多值得庆祝的事情，在过去50年里它帮助避免了800万人过早死亡。但只要每天有3000名青少年吸他们人生中的第一口烟，这场战争就不会胜利。 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/d2a7894d4a35eefdc8d376eeaeaad1f34693118f.html