vi.与vt.的区别
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及物动词于不及物动词的区别 及物动词与不及物动词的区别从是否需要宾语来分,实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词两类。 1)及物动词 后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词,叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。如: I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion。我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。 “How long can I keep the book ?”Harry asked。哈里问:“这本书我可以借多久?” 2)不及物动词 本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词,叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb)。如: Birds fly。鸟会飞。 It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三;年六月. My watch stopped.我的表停了。 She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。 3)兼作及物动词和不及物动词 英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况: a)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,意义不变。试比较: Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词) She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员.(began作及物动词) When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的?(leave 作及物动词) They left last week. 他们是上周离开的。(left 作不及物动词) b)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,有时意义不尽相同.如: Wash your hands before meals。饭前要洗手. Does this cloth wash well? 这布经得起洗吗? 4) 与汉语的比较 有时英语动词的及物和不及物的用法,与汉语的用法不一样,请注意下列两种情况: a)有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词,而汉语则可用作及物动词,如arrive到达,agree同意,1isten听。英语里这些动词后面常接介词。如: We arrived at the railway station at noon.我们于中午到达火车站.(at不能省去)(比较:We reached the railway station at noon.) Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest。每个人都很有兴趣地听讲课.(to不可省去)(比较:We all heard the lecture.) Do they agree to the plan?他们同意这个计划吗?(to不可省去) b)有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词,而在汉语里则不能用作及物动词,如serve为…服务。 Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.我们的儿童被教以全心全意为人民服务 如果你想要分得仔细一点就看下面的讲解和例句!! (一、) 分清及物不及物: 分清动词的及物不及物是在英语学习中必须解决的首要问题.动词及物与不及物通常有以下几种情况: a.主要用作及物动词。及物动词后面必须跟宾语。可以用于:"主+谓+宾”;”主+谓+双宾”;"主+谓+宾+宾补”结构。如: He reached Paris the day before yesterday. Please hand me the book over there。 They asked me to go fishing with them。 类似的还有:buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, regard, see, say, seat, supply, select, suppose, show, make, take, tell。..。 b.主要用作不及物的动词。不及物动词后面不跟宾语。只能用与:"主+谓"结构。 This is the room where I once lived。 类似的还有:agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed..。。 c.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义不变。如begin 都是作”开始”讲。everybody , our game begins. let us begin our game。 类似的还有:start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve..。. d.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义完全不同。 这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义;而作及物动词时却是另一个意义。如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的"消散”。we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. 作及物动词时是"升高;举起"。 He lifted his glass and drank。 类似的还有:beat vi.跳动 vt. 敲、打; grow vi.生长 vt。 种植 play vi。玩耍 vt. 打(牌、球),演奏 smell vi.发出(气味) vt. 嗅 ring vi。(电话、铃)响vt.打电话 speak vi.讲话 vt. 说(语言) hang vi。 悬挂 vt. 绞死 operate vi。动手术 vt。 操作 及物动词不需要介词 在英语错误中,”及物动词+介词+宾语"(transitive verb+preposition+object),是常见的一种。所谓及物动词,就是谓语动词(predicative verb),不必通过介词引荐宾语。相反的,不及物动词(intransitive verb)是不带宾语的。有许多动词,虽然性质是及物的,但不一定要有宾语,如下列的①a和②a便是这种情形: ①a. We study every day。 b. Do you study English every day。 ②a。 Please write clearly next time。 b. Can you write your composition now? 如果本质上就是不及物动词,就不会有宾语;若要宾语,就要借介词之助,一起连用才行,如③b和④b;③a和④a是错的; *③a。 The children are listening the music。 b。 The children are listening to the music. *④a。 She is laughing the crippled man。 b。 She is laughing at the crippled man。 反之,及物动词不必靠介词,就可以带宾语,如上述的①b和②b ,又如⑤和 ⑥: ⑤ John is giving a book to me。 ⑥ Who will answer this question? 如果无意中把介词加上,就错了,如: *⑦ Who will answer to this question? 下列这句从房地产广告中看到的句子,也犯了同样的错: ”We have many buyers awaiting for available units here.” ”Awaiting"是个及物动词,后面的介词"for”是多余的,要去掉;不然把”awaiting”改为”waiting for"也行。 许多人习惯上喜欢把介词加到及物动词后面,然后才带出宾语.最常见的是"emphasize/stress on/upon"和”discuss about",如: ⑧ Singaporeans seem to have emphasized on material gains。 ⑨ In our education system, we stress upon examination results. ⑩ World leaders spent a lot of time discussing about worsening economic problems。 显然的,这三句里的介词”on/upon"和”about”是多余的,不必要的. 下面是些类似的错误: ● The young must obey to their elders. ● Do not approach to that odd-looking man。 ● The audience attacked on the rude speaker. ● Nothing can escape from his parents' eyes. ● Do you hope to serve for your nation? ● When did Susan marry with Paul? 介词"to, on, from, for, with”都要去掉才对。 为什么会有这些错误呢?主因是分不清楚及物动词和不及物动词的性质.其次,就是对同一个动词及其名词的句型有些混淆。解决之道有二。第一,要把"及物动词+宾语"和"不及物动词+介词+宾语"划分清楚,如: I did not answer him./ I did not reply to him。 He reached Londan yesterday。/ He arrived in London yesterday. 第二,把及物动词转化为名词,然后加上适当的介词和宾语,如: Don’t approach such a person. Is oral practice a good approach to language teaching? 本文来源:https://www.wddqw.com/doc/e6b2351448fe04a1b0717fd5360cba1aa9118ca6.html