vi.与vt.的区别---精品管理资料

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及物动词于不及物动词的区别

及物动词与不及物动词的区别从是否需要宾语来分,实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词两类。

1)及物动词 后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词,叫做及物动词(transitive verb。如: I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。 “How long can I keep the book ”Harry asked。哈里问:“这本书我可以借多久? 2不及物动词 本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词,叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb).如:

Birds fly。鸟会飞。

It happened in June 1932。这件事发生于一九三;年六月。 My watch stopped。我的表停了.

She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening 她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。

3)兼作及物动词和不及物动词 英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词.样的动词又有两种不同的情况:

a)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,意义不变.试比较:

Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词)

She began working as a librarian after she left school。她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(began作及物动词)

When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的?(leave 作及物动词) They left last week 他们是上周离开的。left 作不及物动词) b)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,有时意义不尽相同.: Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手. Does this cloth wash well? 这布经得起洗吗?

4 与汉语的比较 有时英语动词的及物和不及物的用法,与汉语的用法不一样,请注意下列两种情况:

a)有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词,而汉语则可用作及物动词,如arrive到达,agree同意,1isten听。英语里这些动词后面常接介词。如:

We arrived at the railway station at noon。我们于中午到达火车站。(at不能省去)(比较:We reached the railway station at noon

Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest。每个人都很有兴趣地听讲课。to不可省)(比较:We all heard the lecture

Do they agree to the plan?他们同意这个计划吗?to不可省去) b)有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词,而在汉语里则不能用作及物动词,serve服务。 Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly。我们的儿童被教以全心全意为人民服务

如果你想要分得仔细一点就看下面的讲解和例句! (一、 分清及物不及物:

分清动词的及物不及物是在英语学习中必须解决的首要问题。动词及物与不及物通常有以下几种情况:

a.主要用作及物动词.及物动词后面必须跟宾语。可以用于:”主+谓+宾";"主+谓+双宾""主+谓+宾+宾补结构。如:

He reached Paris the day before yesterday Please hand me the book over there


They asked me to go fishing with them 类似的还有:buy catch invent, found like, observe, offer, prevent promise raise find forget receive, regard see, say seat supply, select suppose show make take tell.

b.主要用作不及物的动词。不及物动词后面不跟宾语。只能用与:"主+谓结构。 This is the room where I once lived

类似的还有:agree go work, listen, look, come die, belong fall, exist, rise arrive, sit, sail, hurry fail succeed...

c.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义不变.begin 都是作"开始讲。everybody our game begins. let us begin our game. 类似的还有:start answer, sing, close consider insist, read learn, prepare pay hurt improve. d.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义完全不同。

这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义;而作及物动词时却是另一个意义.lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的消散we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted 作及物动词时是"升高;举

He lifted his glass and drank.

类似的还有:beat vi.跳动 vt. 敲、打; grow vi.生长 vt 种植 play vi。玩耍 vt. (牌、球),演奏 smell vi.发出(气味) vt ring vi(电话、铃)响vt。打电话 speak vi。讲话 vt 说(语言) hang vi. 悬挂 vt 绞死 operate vi.动手术 vt 操作 及物动词不需要介词

英语错误中,"及物动词+介词+宾语transitive verb+preposition+object,是常见的一种.所谓及物动词,就是谓语动词(predicative verb),不必通过介词引荐宾语.相反的,不及物动词intransitive verb)是不带宾语的。有许多动词,虽然性质是及物的,但不一定要有宾语,如下列的①a和②a便是这种情形: a. We study every day

b Do you study English every day a. Please write clearly next time.

b Can you write your composition now?

如果本质上就是不及物动词,就不会有宾语;若要宾语,就要借介词之助,一起连用才行,如③b和④b;a和④a是错的;

*a. The children are listening the music.

b The children are listening to the music *④a She is laughing the crippled man b She is laughing at the crippled man

反之,及物动词不必靠介词,就可以带宾语,如上述的①b和②b ,又如⑤和 : John is giving a book to me. Who will answer this question 如果无意中把介词加上,就错了,如: * Who will answer to this question

下列这句从房地产广告中看到的句子,也犯了同样的错: "We have many buyers awaiting for available units here.” Awaiting"是个及物动词,后面的介词”for"是多余的,要去掉;不然把”awaiting”改为”waiting for"也行.


许多人习惯上喜欢把介词加到及物动词后面,然后才带出宾语.最常见的是”emphasize/stress on/upon””discuss about",:

Singaporeans seem to have emphasized on material gains.

In our education system we stress upon examination results.

World leaders spent a lot of time discussing about worsening economic problems 显然的,这三句里的介词"on/upon””about”是多余的,不必要的。 下面是些类似的错误:

● The young must obey to their elders.

● Do not approach to that odd—looking man ● The audience attacked on the rude speaker ● Nothing can escape from his parents’ eyes ● Do you hope to serve for your nation ● When did Susan marry with Paul

介词"to on, from, for, with"都要去掉才对.

为什么会有这些错误呢?主因是分不清楚及物动词和不及物动词的性质。其次,就是对同一个动词及其名词的句型有些混淆。解决之道有二。第一,要把及物动词+宾语"不及物动词+介词+宾语划分清楚,如:

I did not answer him./ I did not reply to him

He reached Londan yesterday/ He arrived in London yesterday.

第二,把及物动词转化为名词,然后加上适当的介词和宾语,如: Don’t approach such a person

Is oral practice a good approach to language teaching?


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