中国鸟类分目检索表 1 蹼发达,脚适应于游泳 ··················································································· 2 蹼不发达或缺,脚适于步行 ············································································· 7 2 鼻呈角质管状······················································································ 鹱形目 鼻不呈角质管状 ························································································ 3 3 趾间具全蹼(全蹼足) ··········································································· 鹈形目 趾间不具全蹼····························································································· 4 4 嘴通常平扁,先端具嘴甲;雄性具交接器 ······················································ 雁形目 嘴不平扁或不具嘴甲,雄性不具交接器 ······························································ 5 5 翅尖长;尾羽正常发达 ············································································ 鸥形目 翅短,或尖或园;尾羽甚短 ············································································· 6 6 向前的三趾间具蹼 ··············································································· 潜鸟目 向前的三趾各具瓣蹼 ············································································ 鸊鷉目 7 颈和脚均较长;胫下部裸出;蹼不发达 ································································ 8 颈和脚均较短;胫全被羽;无蹼 ········································································ 10 8 后趾发达,与前趾在同一平面上;眼先裸出 ··················································· 鹳形目 后趾不发达或退化,存在时位置亦较前趾稍高;眼先常被羽 ····································· 9 9 翅大都短圆,第1枚初级飞羽较第2枚短,眼先被羽或裸出,趾间无蹼或具瓣蹼 ····· 鹤形目 翅形尖,或长或短,第1枚初级飞羽较第2枚长或等长;眼先被羽,趾间蹼不发达或付缺 ···· ··········································································································· 鸻形目 10 嘴和爪均特别强锐弯曲;嘴基具蜡膜····························································· 11 嘴和爪均平直或稍曲;嘴基多不具蜡膜(鸽形目例外) ········································ 13 11 足呈对趾型;舌厚而为肉质;尾脂腺被冉羽 ················································ 鹦形目 足不呈对趾型;舌正常;尾脂腺被冉羽或裸出 ··················································· 12 12 蜡膜裸出;两眼侧置,外趾不能反转(鹗属例外),尾脂腺被羽 ··························· 隼形目 蜡膜被硬须掩盖,两眼向前,外趾能反转;尾脂腺裸出 ··································· 鸮形目 13 三趾向前,一趾向后(后趾有时付缺);各趾彼此分离(除极少数外) ·························· 19 趾不具上述特征 ····················································································· 14 14 足大都呈前趾型,嘴短阔而平扁;无嘴须 ··················································· 雨燕目 足不呈前趾型,嘴通常强不平扁(夜鹰例外),常具嘴须 ········································ 15 15 足呈异趾型······················································································ 咬鹃目 足不呈异趾型························································································· 16 16 足呈对趾型···························································································· 17 足不呈对趾型························································································· 18 17 嘴强直呈凿状;尾羽通常坚挺尖出·························································· 鴷形目 嘴端稍曲,不呈凿状;尾羽正常 ······························································· 鹃形目 18 嘴长,或强直,或细而稍曲,有的种类具盔突;鼻不呈细膜管状,中爪不具栉缘佛 ··· 法僧目 嘴短阔;鼻通常呈细膜管状;中爪具栉缘 ··················································· 夜鹰目 19 嘴基有柔软皮肤形成的蜡膜;上嘴先端膨大而具坚硬角质(沙鸡除外) ············· 鸽形目 嘴全被以硬性角质,嘴基无蜡膜 ··································································· 20 20 后爪不较他趾的爪长;雄性常具距·························································· 鸡形目 后爪较他趾的爪长;雄性均无距 ····························································· 雀形目 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/ebfee1e6b8f67c1cfad6b821.html