英语句子基本成分
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第三章 造句/第一节 英语句子基本成分 All kinds of writing are made up of sentences. To compose effective sentences, we must, first of all, know clearly the basic sentence elements and basic sentence patterns. Although many sentences have complicated word structures, all sentences—long or short, simple or complex—are built from a few basic elements: subjects (S), Verbs (V), objects (O), and complements (C). These elements work together to express a single central idea that may be further developed or defined by modifiers (M) and conjunctions (Conj). The verb with its objects, complements, and modifiers is known as the predicate of the sentence. The predicate describes the action performed by the subject or the state of being of the subject. Subject and predicate are the two main parts of a simple sentence. A sentence usually begins with a capital letter and ends with a full stop, or a question mark, or an exclamation mark. Subjects identify the people, places, things, ideas, qualities, or conditions that act, are acted upon, or are described in a sentence. Nouns and pronouns are the most common subjects, but phrases (gerundial phrases, infinitive phrases, noun phrases, etc.) or clauses may also be subjects. ---She wrote a letter. ---To win is his objective. ---What he needs is courage. （例子可选择使用） Verbs express action (run, walk) or a state of being (seem, is). Verbs consist of single words (develop) or groups of words (might have developed). A verb that requires an object to complete its meaning is transitive, while a verb that requires no object to complete its meaning is intransitive. ---His father retired two years ago. ---I have read the book. ---The boy seemed frightened. Objects are nouns or pronouns or clauses that complete the ideas expressed by subjects and transitive verbs. There are two types of objects: direct objects, which answer the questions what? or whom?; indirect objects, which answer the questions to whom? or for whom? ---I bought a bike for my daughter two days ago. ---He gave me a birthday present yesterday. Note: The words in bold type are direct objects; those underlined are indirect objects. Complements There are two types of complements: subject complements and object complements. The former are usually joined to the subjects of sentences by linking verbs, such as am, are, is, was, 第三章 造句/第一节 英语句子基本成分 were, become, get, feel, look and seem, or some other intransitive verbs, are largely adjectives or nouns that complete the ideas in a sentence by modifying or renaming the subject. In this case the subject complements are also called predicative. e.g. ---Throughout the competition, Mary remained optimistic. ---She looks happy. --- He died young. But in a passive sentence, the subject complement is not predicative. e.g. He was caught alive. The object complements, as the name suggest, complement the objects’ (usually nouns’ or pronouns’) actions, or identities, or features. Nouns, adjectives, infinitives, present participles, or past participles can serve as the object complement. e.g. ---He made us stay for tea． ---He could hear his heart beating fast． ---I've never heard the song sung． ---He made her secretary ---You must keep the classroom clean． Modifiers, typically adjectives, adverbs, and prepositional phrases, describe or limit subjects, verbs, objects, complements, or other modifiers. They alter the meanings of other words by answering one of these questions: what kind? which one? how many? whose? how? when? where? how often? or to what extent? ---Long speeches are unacceptable. ---We received sixty-five applications. ---After the tennis match, we celebrated. Conjunctions join and relate two or more words, phrases, or clauses in a sentence. They fall into three types: coordinate conjunctions (and, but, for, nor, or, so, yet), which link equivalent sentence elements; correlative conjunctions (like both…and, either…or, neither…nor, and not only…but also), which work in pairs and also link equivalent sentence elements; subordinating conjunctions (like after, although, because, eve if, so that, until, and when), which join clauses but subordinate one clause to another. The subordinate clause, introduced by the subordinating conjunction, can be positioned at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end of a sentence. ---Because she was outspoken on the subject of women writer, Virginia Woolf has become a central figure in feminist criticism. ---Virginia Woolf has become a central figure in feminist criticism because she was outspoken on the subject of women writer. 第三章 造句/第一节 英语句子基本成分 ---Virginia Woolf, because she was outspoken on the subject of women writer, has become a central figure in feminist criticism. 练习 （如何设计练习，待思考） 题型 选择题 判断题简答题（？） 题干 选项 答案 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/f3fc2b04fe00bed5b9f3f90f76c66137ee064f14.html