培根
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关于个人 经济学家以及政治哲学之思想，其力量之大，往往出乎常人意料。事实上，统治世界者，就只是这些思想而已。许多实干家自以为不受任何学理之影响，却往往当了某个已故经济学家之奴隶。狂人执政，自以为得天启示，实则其狂想之来，乃得自若干年以前的某个学人。我很确信，既得利益之势力，未免被人过分夸大，实在远不如思想之逐渐侵蚀力之大。 The power of the thoughts in the mind of economists and political psychologists is always out of humans’ expectation. As a matter of fact, the really governor of the world is right the thoughts. Those doers who believe himself out of the control and influence turn, contra, to the mental slaves of a certain passing-away economist. A crazy dominator believes that his throne is confered by the God, which actually should owe to some psychologist many years before. I am very sure that the power of some powerful man, which may be overdrawn extremely, is less powerful than that of any thought. 培根正是这样一个哲学家和科学家。因为其成就被马克思誉为‚英国唯物主义程整个现代实验科学的真正始祖‛。培根以大手笔写小品文，观察深刻，驾轻就熟，常能发人所未发，感人所未感。思想的精深，加上文笔的优美，使他的论说随笔风靡一时，名满天下。有评论家认为他的论说随笔堪称一流，是议论文的典范。应该说这样的评价并不夸张。 Bacon is such a psychologist and scientist. Because of his achievement, he was titled “the creater of English materialism and modern experiment science” by Marx. Through his profound observation, he was capable of feeling what others could not and expressing what others could not. The intensity of his thought and the cognisant of his style of writing made his essays hit and popular all over the world. 关于文章 《培根论人生》一书是培根的处女作，世界上一个伟大的经典，熔铸了培根的生存智慧与人生经验，充满了作者对人世的通透洞察，体现了作者的现实主义与其道德理想的完美融合，是欧洲古典人文主义价值观念和政治理想的集中体现。《培根论人生》is his maiden work, a real great sutre in the world. The work is made up of Bacon’s wisdom and experience in life, is filled with his intensive apperpeice to the land of the living, and incarnates the perfect amalgamation of his realism and morality. It also concentrates on the European classical humanism and political ideality. 诗人雪莱曾这样赞扬培根的这部散文集‚他的文字有一种优美而庄严的韵律，给感情以动人的美感，他的论述中有超人的智慧和哲学，给理智以深刻的启迪。‛ Poet 雪莱ever praised this corpus like this: there exists, in Bacon’s words, concinnity and 庄严, which would touch us with its beauty; there lies, in his expression, wisdom and philosophy, which would edify us with its intellectual sensitivity. 黑格尔曾指出，‚有很多有教养的人，对人们所关注的种种对象，如国事、人情、心灵、外界自然等等，曾根据经验，根据一种有教养的阅历，发表过言论，进行过思考。培根也就是这样一个有教养的问世甚深的人。他见过大世面，处理过国务，亲手对付过现实问题，观察过各种人物、各种环境、各种关系，曾经影响过那些有教养的、深思的、甚至研究哲学的人。‛‚在我们看来，这是培根的特色。他对人的研究要比对物的研究多得多。‛‚他的著作虽然充满着最美妙、最聪明的言论，但是要理解其中的智慧，通常只需要付出很少的理性努力。因此他的话常常被人拿来当作格言。‛以这些话来评论《培根论人生》，是十分恰当和中肯的。 总体而言，培根重点谈了人与社会的关系；人与修养两大主题。例如，从‚论真理‛、‚论死亡‛等篇章中，可以看到一个热情于哲学的培根。从‚论权位‛、‚论野心‛等篇章中，可以看到一个热衷于政治、深谙官场动作的培根。从‚论爱情‛、‚论友情‛等篇章中，可以看到一个富有生活情趣的培根。从‚论逆境‛、‚论残疾‛等篇章中，可以看到一个自强不息的培根。从‚论狡猾‛、‚论言谈‛等篇章中，可以看到一个工于心计、老于世故的培根。 Totally speaking, in本书名, Mr Bacon underlined two relationships between human and society, and between human and his culture. For example, in ‚论真理‛、‚论死亡‛, we can find a Bacon addicted to philosophy; in ‚论权位‛、‚论野心‛, we can see a Bacon engrossed in politics and officialdom; in ‚论爱情‛、‚论友情‛, we can get a sentimental Bacon; in ‚论逆境‛、‚论残疾‛, we can discover a tough Bacon; in ‚论狡猾‛、‚论言谈‛, we can detect a Bacon good at calculation. 一般来说，培根的这些文章有以下特点： Generally speaking, those articles are featured in that: 首先是思想深邃，长于议论。作者谈论问题往往单刀直入，一语中的。如《论善》一文开篇就是：‚我认为善的定义就是有利于人类。‛在该文章第二段紧接着说：‚……在性格中具有这种天然倾向的人，就是‘仁者’。这是人类的一切精神和道德品格中最伟大的一种。因为它是属于神的品格。‛由于作者对事物有透彻的理解，因而谈论爽劲，切中肯綮。 First, the thinking is deep and 议论 is abundant. The author always directly and immediately targets what he wanted to talk about and hardly hats it. For example, at the right beginning of 《论善》comes it that ‚我认为善的定义就是有利于人类。‛. And what follows it in the second paragraph is that ‚……在性格中具有这种天然倾向的人，就是‘仁者’。这是人类的一切精神和道德品格中最伟大的一种。因为它是属于神的品格。‛. Owing to complete and absolute understanding of the subject, he is able to argue, to the point, about it casually and powerfully. 其次，作者在论述中非常善于旁征博引。无论是欧洲古代的历史典故，名人事迹，还是宗教经典《圣经》，作者都能随心所欲，信手拈来，既增强了文章的说服力，有增添了文章的趣味性，十分耐读。 Second, during the process of talking, Bacon is a proficient in 引用. He is capable of picking, at his pleasure, up everything which, in his eyes, is useful and helpful, whether it is a history story or character or religious sutre典故, which makes the article filled of persuasion and readers immersed in it. 第三，作者善于推论说理。读培根的文章，我们总是很习惯于顺着作者的思路走，它让你处处感到严密的思维，严谨的结构，精彩的议论，不容置辩的逻辑力量。 Third, the author is well posted up in deduction. Reading his articles, we are always used to continuing along with his thought or idea, which develop rigorous thinking, creat precise construction, generate splendid 议论, and engender 不可置辩的logic power. 第四，精妙的语言。在培根的论文中，语言无不充满哲理，充满形象的比喻，说理层层深入，精辟警策，句式整齐，音韵和谐，琅琅上口，易诵易记，有诗一般的艺术效果。 Fourth, brilliant words appear hither and thither. In Bacon’s 本文名，philosophy and 形象的metaphor abound, and argument goes deeper and deeper. Also, it takes on a look like a poem with warning sentences, trim pattern, harmonious rhyme, easy to read and recite. 第五，行文自然流畅。由于是随笔小品，作者下笔时当行则行，当止而止，文风清新自然，如行云流水，决无拖沓冗赘之感。 Fifth, the essays read fluently and naturally. Right as they are essays, when the author wrote, he went and stopped casually without any冗赘. 培根论说随笔的这些特点，充分体现了他渊博的学识和哲人的睿智，也离不开他独特而丰富的经历和与他人殊异的论人生的角度。这些关于健康、完善、和谐的人生的认识极其建立的根基反映了一种价值观和信念的取向，坦示了一种反省和思辨的力量。其思想之博大精深，足可使人们汲取人生路上的精神养分。 Those characteristics in Bacon’s essays represent his profound knowledge and wise as a philosopher, and have a close relationship with his special and fantastic experiences and different theory about life. Those 认识 on healthy, consummate and concordant life reflect a kind of tropism取向 of value and belief, and bring forth the power of self-examination. And his sea of thought is 宽广的 enough for people to swim in 精神 on their way of life. 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/fe81650b844769eae009ed5f.html