新概念第二册自学导读 pdf:新概念第二册自学导读Lesson82

课文详注 Further notes on the text

1．Fishermen and sailors sometimes claim to have seen monsters in the sea. 渔夫和水手们有时声称看见过海里的妖怪。

to have seen是不定式的完成式结构。不定式的完成式用于不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前的情况：

I'm sorry to have taken up so much of your time.

对不起，占了你这么长时间。

I'm glad to have met your family.

我很高兴见到了你的家里人。

She seemed to have cleaned the room.

她似乎已打扫过房间了。

不定式的完成式常用于believe，declare，find，say，see，know，think，understand等动词后（这些动词常用被动语态）：

She is believed/said/found to have gone to Australia.

人们确认/说/发现她已经去了澳大利亚。

He is thought/believed to have been killed in an air crash.

人们认为他在一次空难中丧生了。

不定式的完成式与表示意图、希望等的动词连用时有独特的含义：

I meant/intended to have invited him, but I forgot to do so.

我本想/本打算邀请他的，可是我忘记了。

I hope/plan to have finished by 12.

我希望/计划到12点钟以前就已完成。（相当于将来完成时）

2．at times，有时，偶尔。

At times I feel that he is not honest.

有时我觉得他不诚实。

He comes to see us at times.

他有时来看我们。

3．…they are rarely caught out at sea.……它们在海上极少能被捕到。

A small fishing boat was carried miles out to sea…

一条小渔船被拖到了几英里以外的海面上……

这两句话中的out分别表示“在外海”、“向外海”：

When her little boat was caught in a storm out at sea, she thought no one could help her now.

当她的小船在外海/远海遇上风暴时，她觉得那时没有人能够救她。

Don't sail out to sea in this weather.

别在这天气出海。

4．this was no ordinary fish, 这根本不是一条普通的鱼。

no的否定意味比not（a/an）要重（用于名词或形容词之前、系动词be之后）：

They are no friends of ours.

他们根本不是我们的朋友。

This is no easy work.

这绝对不是件容易干的活。

5．made every effort, 尽一切努力。（cf．第78课课文详注）

6．Such creatures have rarely been seen alive by man…人们很少能看到活着的这类动物……

creature指包含人在内的“生物”、“动物”。指人时它可以表示怜爱等感情，多用于指女性：

There are many strange creatures in the sea.

海里有许多奇怪的生物。

The poor creature has suffered a lot during that time.

这可怜的家伙/人在那段时间里遭了不少罪。

词汇学习 Word study

1．claim

（1）vt. , vi.（对……）提出要求，认领，索取：

Has anyone claimed the child/wallet?

有人来认领这孩子/钱包了吗？

（2）vt. 声称，断言：

They claim to have seen monsters in the sea.

他们声称看到过海里的妖怪。

He claimed that Tom had stolen his wallet.

他断言汤姆偷了他的钱包。

2．wash与wash up

（1）wash指“洗”、“洗涤”：

I must get up and wash.

我必须起床洗脸。

She has washed all those clothes.

她把那些衣服都洗了。

Sally can almost wash herself now.

萨莉现在几乎能给自己洗澡了。（wash oneself指洗澡）wash也可以指“冲走”、“卷走”：

Occasionally, unusual creatures are washed to the shore.

一些异常的生物偶尔会被冲到岸上来。

The little wooden house was washed away by the floods.

那个小木屋被洪水冲走了。

（2）wash up在英国英语中指“洗餐具”：

When you phoned, she was busy washing up (the dishes).

你打电话时她正忙着洗盘子。

wash up也可以指“把……冲上岸”：

The dead body of a huge fish has been washed up on the shore.

一条巨大的死鱼被冲上了岸。

练习答案 Key to written exercises

1．难点练习答案

1 wash up 2 laugh at 3 washed 4 laughed 5 wash

2．多项选择题答案

1a 2b 3a 4d 5c 6c

7d 8a 9a 10c 11b 12d

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