[新概念英语第二册lesson82课文]新概念英语第二册Lesson82~84学习笔记

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新概念英语第二册Lesson82学习笔记

　　1、Fishermen and sailors sometimes claim to have seen monsters in the sea.

　　1).to have seen是不定式的完成式结构。不定式的完成式用于不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前的情况。不定式的完成式常用于believe，declare，find，say，see，know，think，understand等动词之后(这些动词常用被动语态)：eg. I'm sorry to have taken up so much of your time.

　　2) claim: 宣称，断言

　　Claim (that)

　　eg. He claimed that Tom had stolen his wallet.

　　Claim to

　　eg. I don’t claim to be an expert

　　It is claimed that 据说

　　eg. It is claimed that some doctors were working 80 hours a week.

　　2、Though people have often laughed at stories told by seamen, it is now known that many of these "monsters" which have at times been sighted are simply strange fish.

　　laugh v. 笑

　　eg. Everybody laughed when the circus clown made his appearance.

　　laugh at: 因…而笑; 嘲笑

　　eg. Everybody laughs at my accents 大家都取笑我的口音

　　different ways of laughing

　　1.burst into laughter 突然大笑

　　2.crack a smile 展颜微笑，莞尔一笑

　　3.explode with laughter 哄堂大笑

　　4.force a smile 强作欢颜

　　at times: 有时 = now and then, occasionally,from time to time

　　eg. She's really rude at times.

　　sight:v.猛然看见，瞬间看见

　　eg. After twelve days at sea, they sighted land

　　在海上航行12天后，他们发现了陆地

　　3、Realizing that this was no ordinary fish...=Realizing that this was not an ordinary fish...

　　no的否定意味比not(a/an)要重(用于名词或形容词之前、系动词be之后)

　　eg.This is no easy work. 这绝对不是件容易干的活。

　　4、 Occasionally, unusual creatures are washed to the shore, but they are rarely caught out at sea.

　　Wash 冲向 ， 流向

　　eg.The rain has washed channels in the sand

　　雨水在沙土上冲出一条条沟

　　eg. Pieces of wreckage were washed ashore .

　　沉船的残骸被冲到岸上

　　5、Realizing that this was no ordinary fish, the fisherman made every effort not to damage it in any way..

　　make every effort to 尽一切努力

　　eg. He made every effort to climb to the top. 他尽一切努力爬到山顶

　　made every effort not to 尽一切努力不

　　eg. the fisherman made every effort not to damage it

　　渔夫千方百计让它不受伤害

　　6、Such creatures have rarely been seen alive by man as they live at a depth of six hundred feet.

　　1)alive 主要用作表语(有时可用作后置定语，但不用作前置定语)，可用于人或动物。

　　eg.He must be still alive

　　He’s the happiest man alive. 他世上最幸福的人。

　　注：若 alive 本身有修饰语，则也可用作前置定语。

　　eg.He is a really alive student. 他的确是一个十分活跃的学生。

　　2). living 可用作表语或定语，可用于人或物。

　　eg.Are your grandparents still living? 你的祖父母还健在吗?

　　eg. Both plants and animals are living things 动物和植物都是生物

　　3). live 通常只用作定语(前置)，可用于动物或植物，但一般不用于人。

　　eg.Only a few live trees were left after the fire.

　　火灾之后只剩下几棵树还活着。

新概念英语第二册Lesson83学习笔记

　　1.The former Prime Minister, Mr. Wentworth Lane, was defeated in the recent elections. 前首相温特沃兹•莱恩先生在最近的大选中被击败。

　　(1)former在这里表示“以前的”、“从前的”或“前任的”，后面需要跟名词：

　　Yesterday, he received a letter from his former wife/English teacher.

　　昨天他收到了他前妻/以前的英语老师的一封信。

　　Former “以前的”、“在前面的”， the former president 前总统

　　Latter (刚提及的两者中)后者的，后面的

　　eg.Of the two the latter is far Better than the former

　　两者中后者比前者好得多。

　　(2)the ex-Prime Minister had gone abroad.……这位前首相出国去了。

　　前缀ex-加在名词前表示“以前的”(相当于former)，如ex-husband(前夫)， ex-wife(前妻)，ex-taxi-driver(前出租汽车司机)，ex-manager(前任经理)，ex-headmaster(前任校长)等。

　　(3)election指一般选举时用单数，指全国性的选举时用复数：

　　He hopes to defeat his rival in next year's elections.

　　他希望在明年的大选中击败对手。

　　2.He is now retiring from political life and has gone abroad. 他现在退出了政界，到国外去了。

　　retire from 隐居;隐退： retire from political life 退出政治生活

　　退休：he retired from the business when he was 60.他60岁时退休了。

　　retire to 隐退，后退，离去： he retired to his own room after supper . 晚饭后，他退到他的房间。

　　3.Though a little suspicious this time…虽然那位警察这次有点疑心……

　　这是一个省略了主语和连系动词的让步状语从句。

　　While at college, she wrote a novel.

　　她上大学时写了一部小说。

　　(1)suspicious adj.

　　(a) 猜疑的，认为可疑的，对……起疑心的，多疑的：

　　If travellers look nervous, customs officers get suspicious.

　　如果旅客看上去神情紧张，海关官员就会起疑心。

　　(b)可疑的，令人起疑的：

　　You get a lot of suspicious-looking people in this bar.

　　你这个酒吧里有许多人看上去很可疑。

　　固定搭配 be (fell) suspicious of (about)

　　(2)这是一个让步状语从句。如果从句的主语和主句的相同而谓语带系动词be，则主语+be可省略;但原因状语从句的省略形式要带分词being：

　　If possible, please let me know by this evening.

　　如果可能的话，请今晚以前告诉我。

　　He is better, though not yet cured. (= he is better, though he is not yet cured.)

　　他好一点了，虽仍未痊愈。

　　状语从句

　　在句子中起状语作用的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句由从属连词引导。

　　状语从句可分为：

　　时间状语从句：

　　When Susan goes to town, she will visit her grandma.

　　苏珊每次进城，总要去看望她奶奶。

　　地点状语从句：

　　I will go where I am needed.

　　哪里需要我，我就到哪里去。

　　方式状语从句：

　　I have changed it as you suggest.

　　我已经按照你的建议作了改变。

　　原因状语从句：

　　Mary didn't go shopping because I advised her not to.

　　玛丽没有去购物，因为我劝她不要去。

　　目的状语从句：

　　They worked hard in order that they might succeed.

　　他们努力工作，以便能够获得成功。

　　结果状语从句：

　　Waste must be treated so that it does not become a danger to life.

　　废物必须进行处理，这样它才不会成为危害生命的东西。

　　条件状语从句：

　　If he works hard, he will surely succeed.

　　如果努力工作，他肯定会成功。

　　让步状语从句：

　　Though we are all different, we need never be separate.

　　虽然我们各不相同，但是我们永远也不会分开。

　　比较状语从句：

　　I was happier than I had ever been in my life.

　　这是我一生中最快乐的时光。

新概念英语第二册Lesson84学习笔记

　　1. Busmen have decided to go on strike next week. 公共汽车司机决定下星期罢工。

　　Be on strike表示“在罢工”，这里的strike 是名词：

　　The workers are on strike. 工人们在罢工。

　　Break up a strike 破坏罢工

　　Call a strike 发动罢工

　　Call off a strike 停止罢工

　　Go on strike 实行罢工

　　2. The strike is due to begin on Tuesday. 罢工定于星期二开始。

　　due表示“预定的”、“约定的”，后面可以跟带to的不定式，也可以不跟。它后面通常有确定的时间状语：

　　be due to do sth. 定于(某时做某事)

　　The plane is due(to arrive)in London at 9 o'clock.

　　飞机预定9点抵达伦敦。

　　be due to +n. 由于……因为……

　　Our delay was due to the heavy traffic.

　　我们被耽搁了是因为交通拥挤。

　　3. The busmen have stated that the strike will continue until general agreement is reached about pay and working conditions.

　　司机们声称此次罢工将一直持续到就工资和工作条件问题达成全面协议的时候为止。

　　State ：

　　(1) 可以用作动词 “ 陈述;指定

　　Please state your name, age and occupation on the form.

　　请在表格上填写你的姓名，年龄和职业。

　　Only to be used on the state date

　　只能在指定日期使用。

　　(2) 也可以用作名词“状况”;

　　The messy garden is in a state of neglect.

　　这个又脏又乱的花园处于无人管理状态

　　(3) 隆重的礼仪;

　　The President was received in state

　　总统受到隆重接待

　　(4) 州，邦

　　In China, the railways are owned by the state.

　　在中国，铁路是国有的。

　　4. This will relieve pressure on the trains to some extent. 这将在某种程度上减轻对火车的压力

　　(1) Relive vt

　　(a) 减少，减轻;

　　A drug that relieves headaches 缓解头痛的药。

　　(b)(与of连用)免除，解除;

　　Let me relieve you of that heavy parcel

　　让我把你的的重包裹卸下来吧

　　Relieve onself 解手 (也可以用 answer nature’s call ，回应大自然的号召来表达此意)

　　Relieve sb’s mind 解除某人的担忧

　　(2) to some extent = to a certain extent在一定程度上：

　　The weather has helped me to some/a certain extent.

　　天气在某种程度上帮了我的忙。

　　To a great/some extent 很大程度上

　　To such an extent that 到这样的程度以致…….

　　5. Meanwhile, a number of university students have volunteered to drive buses while the strike lasts. 与此同时，有一部分大学生自愿在罢工期间驾驶公共汽车

　　(1) vt. , vi.自愿，自动提出，自愿提供：

　　Volunteer to do 自愿做…

　　He volunteered to work overtime.

　　他自愿加班。

　　volunteered for 自愿…

　　Frank has volunteered for the army.

　　弗兰克自愿参军。

　　(2) n. 自愿参加者，志愿者：

　　The road was built by volunteers.

　　这条路是由志愿者筑成的。

　　Are there any volunteers for a try?

　　有自愿试一试的人吗?

　　6. But so far, the public has expressed its gratitude to the students in letters to the Press. 但到目前为止，公众已经向新闻界写信表达他们对学生们的感激之情了。

　　Press:

　　(1)(前面与the 连用) 新闻界， 报刊评论;

　　The freedom of the press 新闻自由

　　(2) 出版业

　　The university press 大学出版社

　　(3) 记者们(集合名词，后面动词用单数或复数均可)

　　The press have/has been invited to a press conference to hear the government’s statement on the event.

　　新闻记者已应邀参加新闻发布会，听取政府关于这一事件的申明。

　　7.Only one or two people have objected that the students will drive too fast!只有一两个人提出反对意见，说学生们会把车开得太快!

　　object作动词时后面可以跟从句，表示“提出异议”、“反对”;它后面也可以跟介词to+名词/动名词，表示“反对”、“不喜欢”、“不赞成：

　　They objected that the book was too difficult for them.

　　他们提出异议，说这本书对他们来说太难了。

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