[万唯中考初中英语语法]2017中考指导:初中英语语法大全之句型转换

副标题:2017中考指导:初中英语语法大全之句型转换

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句型转换
  每年的中考试卷中,“句型转换”题所占分值较大,是为了全面考查学生在初中阶段所学的词汇(同义或反义)、短语、句型和语法等方面的知识及其它的之间的灵活运用能力。
  Ⅰ.题型介绍
  所谓“句型转换”就是先给一个完整的句子A,再根据括号内的要求(有时没有明确,须自己观察),在第二个句子B的空白处填上适当的词来完成的句型转换。
  Ⅱ.题型分类
  从形式上看,有如下几种形式:①某一词或词组的转换;②词组与句子的转换;③同义句型的转换;④为纠正常犯语言错误而设计的题目。
  从内容上看,此题型涉及的面较广,主要有:①句子功能方面的转换。包括陈述句(肯定与否定)、四种题疑问句、祈使句、感叹句的转换;②句子结构方面的转换。即简单句、复合句、并列句之间的转换;③语态的转换。即主动语态与被动语态之间的转换;④常用句型与词汇手段的转换。
  Ⅲ.具体分类如下
  一、陈述句与疑问句、祈使句、感叹句间的转换
  1、陈述句中肯定句变为否定句,大部分是用not来改变谓语结构,但也有借用否定意义的词,如nothing, nobody, none, neither, little, few, never, hardly等,例如::
  A:Tom does well in maths.
  B:Tom doesn't do in maths.
  A:He has much to do.
  B:He has nothing to do.
  A:All of my classmates like art.
  B:None of my classmates likes art.
  2、改为疑问句。根据上下句的结构和词的减少,来判断变为哪一种形式的疑问句。例如:
  A:My brother often has breakfast at school.
  B: Does your brother often have breakfast at school?
  A:Tom's already weak in English.
  B:Tom's already weak in English, isn't he ?
  A:The red light changes every two minutes.
  B:How often does the red light change?
  3、改为感叹句。根据所给的句子结构和单词的词性,来确定使用哪一种感叹句的形式,例如:
  A:This is an interesting book.
  B:What an interesting book this is!
  或 How interesting this book is!
  二、同义句转换。
  根据上句,写出一个意思相同(或相近)的下句,此类形式繁多,内容复杂,涉及面广,归类如下:
  1、同义词或词组之间的转换。(通常上下句时态保持一致)。
  常见的同义词或词组有:(1)四个“花费”(spend-take-cost-take);(2)三个“到达”(get to-reach-arrive in/at);(3)四个“收到…来信”(hear from-get a letter from-receive a letter from-have a letter from);(4)两个“擅长于…”(be good at -do well in);(5)两个“有空”(be free-have time);(6)三个“入睡”(go to sleep-get to sleep-fall asleep);(7)两个“玩得开心”(enjoy oneself-have a good time);(8)“给…打电话”(call sb-telephone sb-ring sb. a call-make a telephone to sb.)(9)“飞往…”(fly to…-go to…by air/plane)(10)“自学”(teach oneself-learn…by oneself)(11)在…方面帮助help…with…-help… (to)do…(12)在…差be weak in…-do badly in…(13)能/会…can-be able to(14)更喜欢…like…better than…-prefer…to…(15)充满了…be full of…-be filled with…(16)放弃干…give up doing…-stop doing…(17)不再… no longer-not …any longer(18)照顾/保管 take care of…-look after(19)展览 on show-on display(20)阻止…干…stop…from doing-keep/prevent…from doing…(21)由于 thanks to-because of…(22)举手hands up-put up one's hands(23)最后,终于at last-in the end(24)与…不同 be different from…-be not the same as…(25)从…借入… borrow…from…-lend…to…(26)乘公汽/火车/的士 go to…by bus/train/taxi-take a bus /train/taxi to…(27)乘自行车去… go to…by bike-ride a bike to…(28)为…感到自豪 be proud of…-be the pride of…(29)步行去… walk to…-go to…on foot (30)独自地by oneself -alone等。例如:
  A:The children had a good time in the park.
  B:The children enjoyed themselves in the park.
  2、同义句型之间的转化。常见的同义句型有①It seems that 从句→Somebody seems(to be)+adj/n ②It's kind of sb. to do…→Somebody is kind to do… ③What does…mean?→What do you mean by…? 或What's the meaning of…?④There is something wrong with…→Something is wrong with… ⑤not…until…与when/after/before引导的时间状语从句的转换 ⑥What's wrong with…?→What's the matter with…? ⑦How is…?→What's…like…?⑧How do you like…?→What do you think of?⑧It's time that…→It's time for sb. to do…⑨It's said that…→People say that…⑩Can I help you? →What can I do for you?
  例如:
  A:I went to bed after I finished my homework.
  B:I didn't go to bed until I finished my homework.
  3、if引导的条件状语从句的转化。例如:
  A:If it doesn't rain tomorrow, they'll go to the park.
  B:Unless it rains tomorrow, they'll go to the park.
  A:If you don't hurry, you'll be late.
  B:Hurry up, or you'll be late.
  A:Fish can't live if there is no water.
  B:Fish can't live without water.

2017中考指导:初中英语语法大全之句型转换.doc

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