1、 现在完成时的概念:现在完成时表示动作发生在过去,其结果对现在有影响。 例:Tom has gone out (go的动作发生在过去,对现在有影响)
2、 延续性动词可以和表示一段时间的时间状语连用;非延续性动词则不可以。 例:正确说法:The train has been in the station for two hours;
错误说法:The train has stopped in the station for two hours.
(这辆火车进站停了两个小时)
延续性动词 非延期性动词
定义 动作有持续性,可以持续一段时间。如:live(居住)就可live一年两年。 运作在短时间内结束,不能延续。如marry(结婚)就不能marry一年两年。
例词 Listen,play,rain,work Arrive,begin,borrow,finish
3、现在完成时的构成:
(1)have(has)+过去分词:Tom has gone out。
(2)现在完成时的否定和疑问形式:否定形式在have、has后加not;疑问形式将Have、has提前,如Has Tom gone out。
(3)过去分词的概念及其变化形式:
概念:它和现在进行时中的“动词的ing形式”一样,只是英语中表达时态的一种固定形式。
变化形式:大多数动词的过去分词的外形和动词的过去式完全一样。只有那些不规则变化的动词,不运词的过去式不一样。具体参照“不规则动词表”。
学生容易混淆的是全部倒装与部分倒装.如何区分之,编个顺口溜:副(adv.)介(prep.)提前全倒装,其它句式部分倒;否定提前倒助动,让步状语倒表语;复合句式倒主句,不
倒装的属特殊.下面举例说明:
A、Here comes the bus.(副词提前,全倒装)
B、Here he comes.(代词作主语,不倒装)
C、In front of the house lies a garden.(介词短语提前,全倒装)
D、Never shall I do this again.(否定词提前,部分倒装)
E、Young as he is ,he knows a lot.(让步状语从句,表语倒装)
F、Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in.(only 修饰状语,主句倒装)
G、Only he can save the patient.(only修饰主语.不倒装)
H、Not only will help be given to people,but also medical treatment will be provided.(否定词提前,部分倒装)
I、Not only he but also we like sports.(连接两个主语,不倒装)
1)动作的承受者——动宾
I like China. (名词)
He hates you. (代词)
How many do you need? We need two. (数词)
We should help the old and the poor.
I enjoy working with you. (动名词)
I hope to see you again. (不定式)
Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)
2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介宾
Are you afraid of the snake?
Under the snow, there are many rocks.
3) 双宾语——间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)
He gave me a book yesterday.
Give the poor man some money.
such as 例如
believe it or not 信不信由你
come up with 提出
come up to a place 参观某地
ever before 从前
even if/ though 即使
at the end of 在…末期
be based on 在...基础上
close to 距离…近
change…into 把…变成
in the early days 在早期
take…with…随身携带
the same…as 与…相同的
at present 目前
be absent from 缺席
be present at 在席;出席
carry out a rule 执行规则
be a native of 是…人
at sb’s request 应某人的要求
have a command of掌握
make a request 请求
request that …(should)+v原形
in one direction 朝一个方向
be different from 与…不同
i n the 1600’s = in the 1600s
as a rule 通常;照例
be native to 是…的土产动物/植物
as we know 正如我们所知
add up 合计
another time 改时间
get sth done 使…被做
calm down 镇定下来
have got to 不得不
walk the dog 遛狗
make a list of 列出
hide away 躲藏;隐藏
be concerned about 关心;挂念
share sth with sb 和某人分享某物
go through 经历;仔细检查
set down 放下;记下
a series of 一系列;一套
be crazy about 对…着迷
on purpose 故意
in order to/ so as to 为了
face to face 面对面地
get along with 与…相处
pack up 收拾,打理行装
according to 按照;根据…所说
have trouble with sb/sth 同某人闹意见;做…有困难
communicate with sb 和…交际
throw away the friendship 放弃/终止友谊
try out 试验;试用
join in 参加(活动)
far and wide 到处
look to sth 注意,留心某事
fall in love 相爱
ignorant of 无知的
have the/a habit of doing sth 有做…的习惯