新概念英语第一册语法讲解|新概念英语第一册语法:代词篇

副标题:新概念英语第一册语法:代词篇

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【篇一】 疑问代词 

用来构成疑问句的代词,我们称为疑问代词。英语中,疑问代词主要有九个:

  指人:who,whom,whose,whoever,whomever

  指物:what,whatever

  既指人又可指物:which,whichever

  小伙伴们,when, where, how, why等引导特殊疑问句的词语,我们称之为“疑问副词”,所以别搞糊涂了!

  一般而言,疑问代词在句中位于谓语动词之前,没有性和数的变化,除who之外也没有宾格的变化(whom)。除此以外,我们还需要注意以下几点:

  1. who通常作主语和表语,whom作宾语:

  主语:Who is speaking? 是哪一位(打电话)?

  表语:Who is she? 她是谁?

  宾语:Who(m) are you looking for? 你在找谁?

  2. what,whose,which可以用作主语、表语、宾语和定语。(此处还可以理解为,它们对句子中所提问的成分,就是它们所担当的成分)。当然,它们还可引导名词性从句:

  主语:What happened later? 后来发生什么事情了?

  Whose is broken? 谁的坏了?

  Which is yours? 哪个是你的?

  表语:What’s you mother? 你 妈妈是做什么工作的?

  Whose is this book? 这本书是谁的?

  宾语:What do you mean? 你是什么意思?

  Which do you want? 你想要哪一个?

  Whose do you prefer? 你更喜欢谁的?

  定语:What time is it now? 现在几点了?

  Which book do you want? 你想要哪一本书?

  Whose dress is this? 这是谁的连衣裙?

  从句:They have done what they can do. 他们已经尽其所能。

  Do you know whose is the book on the table? 你知道桌上的书是谁的吗?

  Can you tell me which he will choose? 你能告诉我他会选择哪一个吗?

  3. whatever,whoever,whichever,whomever用法如下:

  (1)引导状语从句:意为“无论什么(是谁、哪一个)”等,此时相当于 no matter what (who, which, whom)。(其中whomever在现代英语已基本不用)。

  Whatever [No matter what] happens, keep calm. 无论发生什么,都要保持镇定。

  Whoever [No matter who] you are, I will help you. 不管你是谁,我都会帮你的。

  Whichever [No matter which] you choose, I’ll agree with you. 无论你选择哪一个,我都没意见。

  (2)引导名词性从句:主语从句或宾语从句。

  He does whatever his mother asks him to do. 妈妈要他做什么,他就做什么。

  Whoever comes here will be welcome. 到这儿的人都受欢迎。

  Whichever gains the most points wins. 得分高者胜。

【篇二】反身代词

  1) 列表

              I     you     you   she    he

           myself   yourself  yourselves herself himself

           we     they     it     one

           ourselves   themselves    itself   oneself

  反身代词以-self(单数)或-selves(复数)结尾。

  第一、二人称的反身代词由物主代词加-self构成。

  第三人称的反身代词由代词宾格加-self构成。反身代词有三种不同的用法:

  一、非强调用法

  这种用法通常表示反身代词与句中的主语是同一人。它在句中作宾语,不能省略,否则该句是一个意义不完整的错句。例如:

  (1)Jane is too young to look after herself.(简年纪太小,以至于不能照看自己)

  (2)I teach myself English.(我自学英语)

  (3)He didn't hurt himself, thank goodness.(他未伤了他自己,谢天谢地。)

  二、强调用法

  反身代词在强调用法中表示强调,即用来加强某个名词或者代词的语气,可译成“亲自”、“本人”。此时,它在句中作同位语。即使去掉,也不影响句子的完整性。例如:

  (1)You must do it yourself.(你必须自己做)

  (2)I myself did the homework last night。(昨晚是我自己做了家庭作业)

  三、与by搭配

  当反身代词与by搭配时,意为:单独地,没有人帮助的。例如:

  (1)We must finish it all by ourselves.(我们必须全靠自己去完成。)

  (2)He can swim all by himself.(他能独自一个人游泳。)

  反身代词的句法功能

  一、作表语

  She's not herself today. 她今天跟平常真是判若两人。

  二、作宾语

  Please help yourself to some fish. 请随便吃点鱼。

  三、作介宾

  I learned English by myself. 我自学英语。

  四、作同位语

  He can do that himself. 他自己能做那件事。

  反身代词用来强调句子的主语

  The king himself gave her the medal. 是国王亲自授予她勋章的。

  (注:念这句句子时 self 要重读。)

  这样使用的反身代词并不是必不可少的,如被省略也不会改变句子的意思。它的作用是强调句子的主语,通常位于主语之后:

  Tom himself went. 汤姆亲自去了。

  在有宾语时也可位于宾语之后:

  Ann opened the door herself. / Ann herself opened the door. 安亲自开门。

  反身代词的习惯用法

  in oneself 本身、本质上

  to oneself 供自己用

  by oneself 独自地、单独地

  for oneself 替自己

  amuse oneself 自娱自乐

  help oneself to 随便吃

  enjoy oneself 过得很快活

  teach oneself 自学

  speak to oneself 自言自语

  devote oneself to 献身于...

  lose oneself = lose one's way 迷路

  make oneself understand 让别人懂得自己的意思

  among one selves 在...之间

  between one selves 私下说的话(不可告诉别人)

【篇三】关系代词

 一、定义

  所谓关系代词,就是指用于引导定语从句的代词。我们之所以把这类代词叫做关系代词,是因为它们具有关联作用,能把所引导的从句与从句所修饰的词语(即先行词)联系起来。

  英语中常用的关系代词有:which、that、who、whom、whose。根据这些代词在句中的句法功能,可以把它们分为主格、宾格和所有格三类,即:

  主格:which、that、who

  宾格:which、that、who、whom

  所有格:whose

  二、用法例解

  (一)which

  which引导定语从句时,在从句中既可以作主语,也可以做宾语。如:

  Yesterday I lost the book which my English teacher had given me as a birthday gift. (作宾语)

  Yesterday I lost the book which had been given to me by my English teacher as a birthday gift. (作主语)

  【注意】

  1、当which在从句中作宾语时,可以省略。如:

  Yesterday I lost the book my English teacher had given me as a birthday gift.2、which也可以用来连接非限定性定语从句。如:

  Yesterday I left Alice Springs, which is a small town in the center of Australia.3、which可以与介词一起使用,在从句中作状语,相当于一个关系副词。如:

  Yesterday I left Alice Springs, in which there is a big desert park.句中的in which就相当于关系副词where,可以用where来替换。

  (二)that

  that引导定语从句时,在从句中既可以作主语,也可以作宾语。如:

  This is the dictionary that has helped me a lot in my English study. (作主语)

  This is the dictionary that you are looking for. (作宾语)【注意】

  1、当that在从句中作主语时,经常可以用which来替换。如:

  This is the dictionary which has helped me a lot in my English study.但也有很多情况只能用that,之后我会在专门分享定语从句的时候再跟大家详细梳理。

  2、当that在从句中作宾语时,也可以用which来替换,而且经常会省略。如:

  This is the dictionary you are looking for.不过,跟that作主语的情况一样,也有很多情况下,关系代词只能that,不能用which的下次再作详细分享。

  3、that不能引导非限定性定语从句。如:

  错误:This is the dictionary, that cost me five dollars.句中的that要改为which。

  (三)who

  who引导定语从句时,在从句中一般作主语。如:

  He is the man who called me four times yesterday.【注意】

  1、who有时也会在从句中作宾语,相当于whom。如:

  He is the man who you talked about yesterday.句中的who其实是作about的宾语,可以省略。

  但是,如果在介词后面,则必须用whom。我们之后再分享定语从句的内容时,会再详细讲解,在此不做赘述。

  2、who也能用来引导非限定性定语从句。如:

  His brother, who is a teacher, is always kind to others.

  (四)whom

  whom是who的宾格形式,在定语从句中只能作宾语。如:

  She is the woman whom I served just now.

  句中的whom因为是作宾语的,所以可以省略。

  【注意】

  1、如果whom紧跟在介词后面,则不能省略。如:

  She is the woman to whom I talked just now.2、whom也可以用来引导非限定性定语从句。如:

  The doctor, whom you admire, will visit our hospital tomorrow.

  (五)whose

  因为whose是所有格形式,表示所属关系,所以在实际使用中,whose后面会紧跟一个名词,才能引导定语从句。如:

  She lives in a room whose window opens to the north.【注意】

  “whose+名词”也可以引导非限定性定语从句。如:

  The driver, whose back was badly injured, was sent to the hospital nearby at once.

新概念英语第一册语法:代词篇.doc

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