【#新概念英语# 导语】新概念英语作为一套世界闻名的英语教程,以其全新的教学理念,有趣的课文内容和全面的技能训练,深受广大英语学习者的欢迎和喜爱。®文档大全网为您提供,希望以下内容能够为大家的新概念英语学习提供帮助!
【篇一】新概念英语语法第一册:被动语态
被动语态
英语动词有主动语态和被动语态之分。在主动句中,动词的主语是执行动作的人或物。在被动句中,主语是动作的承受者。
在英语中被动词态用得很普遍,这样做可以避免用不明确的词作主语,或是将说话的重点放在事件而不是造成该事件的人或物上。
被动语态的构成: be +过去分词。
过去分词不一定指过去。请看例句:
(1)一般现在时形式: am/are/is +过去分词:
The room is aired regularly.
这个房间定期通风。
The knives are sharpened regularly.
刀定期磨。
(2)一般过去时形式: was/were +过去分词:
She was dressed in red.
她身穿红色衣服。
The windows were opened this morning.
窗户今早是开着的/被打开了。
(3)英语中表达感情的动词通常可用于被动式,这些动词如
amuse, embarrass, worry, surprise, interest, upset等:
She is embarrassed.
她感到尴尬。
They were worried.
他们感到担忧。
【篇二】新概念英语第一册语法:主动语态
主动语态是表示主语是谓语动作的使动方的语态。在主动语态中,谓语的动作源自主语,而施加于宾语。相反,在被动语态中,主语是谓语动作的受动方。
举例:
主动语态:The snowslide killed him. 雪崩害死了他。
被动语态:He was killed by the snowslide. 他死于雪崩。
含被动意义的主动语态
1)wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell, drive…
The book sells well. 这本书销路好。
This knife cuts easily. 这刀子很好用。
2)blame, lent(出租), remain, keep, rent, build
I was to blame for the accident. 我对这起事故负责。
Much work remains. 还有大量工作要做。
3) 在need, require, want, worth (形容词), deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。
The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired. 门需要修了。
This room needs cleaning. 这房间应该打扫一下。
This book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。
4) 特殊结构:make sb. heard / understood (使别人能听见/理解自己),have sth. done ( 要某人做某事)。
【篇三】新概念语法:主动语态变被动语态
一、主动语态和被动语态概说
英语的语态分主动语态和被动语态,主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,而被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成:
Everybody likes him. 大家都喜欢他。 (主动语态)
He is liked by everybody. 他受到大家的喜欢。(被动语态)
二、主动语态变被动语态的方法
1. 主动语态变被动语态的基本方法
将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语,将主动谓语变为被动谓语(be+过去分词),将主动语态的主语变为by短语(在被动句中用作状语):
He broke the cup. → The cup was broken by him.
【注意】若不强调动词执行者,被动语态中的by短语通常可以省略:
He was born in 1986. 他生于1986年。
What is this flower called? 这种花叫什么花?
2. 双宾动词的被动语态
双宾动词即指带双宾语的动词,它们在变为被动语态时,通常是把间接宾语(指人)变为被动语态的主语,而把直接宾语(指事物)保留下来(称为保留宾语):
He answered me that question. → I was answered that question by him.
有的动词则通常把直接宾语(指事物)变为被动语态的主语,而把间接宾语改为介词to 或for引起的状语(到底用to还是for,与所搭配的动词有关):
He wrote her a letter. → A letter was written to her. (与动词write搭配用介词to)
She made him a new coat. → A new coat was made for him. (与动词make搭配用介词for)
有时以上两种方式均可用:
He gave her some money. 他给她一些钱。
→ She was given some money. / Some money was given to him.
He bought her a watch. 他给她买了一块表。
→ A watch was bought for her. / She was bought a watch.
3. 被动语态的时态
被动语态的时态由被动结构“be+过去分词”中的动词be来体现,其基本结构和用法如下:
(1) 一般现在时的被动语态:am [is, are]+过去分词
English is taught in our school. 我们学校学英语。
We are taken good care of at school. 我们在学校受到很好的照顾。
(2) 一般过去时的被动语态:was [were]+过去分词
He was taken to the police station. 他被带到了警察局。
The house was built ten years ago. 这座房子是10年前建的。
(3) 一般将来时的被动语态:will be+过去分词
A new building will be built here soon. 不久这里将建一栋新楼。
The meeting will be held at two this afternoon. 会议将于今天下午2点举行。
(4) 现在完成时的被动语态:have [has]been+过去分词
All the work has been done now. 所有的工作现在都做好了。
Have the letters been posted? 信都寄了吗?
(5) 过去完成时的被动语态:had been+过去分词
He said the work had been finished. 他说工作已完成了。
(6) 现在进行时的被动语态:am [is, are] being+过去分词
My watch is being repaired by him. 我的表正在由他修理。
The plan is now being discussed. 计划现在正在讨论。
(7) 过去进行时的被动语态:was [were] being+过去分词
He said that the man was being operated on. 他说那个人正在动手术。
He told me that a new station was being built. 他说正在修建一个新车站。
(8) 过去将来时的被动语态:would be+过去分词
He said that the meeting would be held next week. 他说会议将于下周举于。
4. 含有情态动词的被动形式
若主动语态中谓语含有情态动词,在相应的被动语态中通常应保留该情态动词,其结构为“情态动词+be+过去分词”:
Everyone must know this. →This must be known by everyone.
请看以下带情态动词被动句实例:
This can’t be done in a short time. 这不是短期内可以完成的。
Can this be done by machine? 这可以由机器来做吗?
The work must be done at once. 这工作必须马上做了。
新概念英语语法第一册:语态.doc