2017年职称英语模拟题_2017年中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列(45)

Happiness Index幸福指数

　　1.In terms of happiness, your spouse—if you have one—is worth $100,000 ayear.

　　1、就幸福而言，你的配偶——如果你有的话——值10万美元一年。

　　2.That's the finding of two economists who have tried to put a monetary value on happiness by measuring the emotional value of everything from religion to racial discrimination in dollars.

　　2、这是两位经济学家研究的结果。他们试图从金钱的角度来衡量幸福，以美元为单位对从宗教到种族歧视等各种情感进行估价。

　　3.Such a calculation, admits economist David Blanchflower, is "a little bit off the wall" and may prompt wry comments within some marriages on "cashing in".

　　3、经济学家大卫*布兰奇弗劳尔承认，这种计算是“有点离奇”，并可能引起不当的想法，认为有些人结婚是为了 “从中捞取好处”。

　　4.The two economists are, of course, speaking of averages. They have used an annual survey of some 1,500 Americans from 1972 to 1998 to measure self- reported happiness and the factors that go with it. But it turns out that the happiness value of a stable marriage is "incredibly high", says Dr. Blanchflower, a professor at Dartmouth College in Hanover, N.H., whose study has just been published by the National Bureau of Economic Research in Cambridge, Mass. "Don't give it up lightly."

　　4、当然，这两位经济学家是就一般人而言的。他们从1972年到1998年每年对大约1500名美国人进行调查，衡量他们自述的幸福和产生幸福的因素。 结果表明，一个稳定的婚姻的幸福值“髙得令人难以置信”，布兰奇弗劳尔博士如是说。布兰奇弗劳尔博士是新罕布什尔州汉诺威市达特默思大学教授， 他的研究成果新近已由马萨诸塞州剑桥市的全国经济研究局发表。他还说：“不要轻易放弃婚姻。”

　　5.Blanchflower and his partner Andrew Oswald, an economist at Warwick University in Britain, begin with this question: "Taken all together, how would you say things are these days—would you say that you are happy, pretty happy, or not so happy?"

　　5、布兰奇弗劳尔和他的合作伙伴——英国华威大学的经济学家安德鲁•奥斯瓦尔德，是以这个问题开始他们的调查的：“总的来说，你会怎样描述近况——是快乐、相当快乐，还是不怎么快乐? ”

　　6.The survey results include detailed characteristics of those surveyed, such as whether they are married, divorced, single, their income level, race, gender, etc. With that data, they found which factors are associated with greater happiness.

　　6、调查结果包括被调查对象的详细特征一一已婚、离异、单身、收入水平、种族和性别等。他们运用这些数据找出了那些与更高程度幸福相关的因素。

　　7.Extra money does buy some happiness. But not as much as many would suspect. Constructing a sort of happiness index that assigns 3 to "very happy", 2 to "pretty happy", and 1 to "not too happy", the two reckon that an extra dollar provides 0.00000409 in additional happiness. Or $10,000 would give you 0.04 units of extra happiness.

　　7.额外的金钱的确可以买到某种幸福。但是并不像许多人料想的那么多。他们设计了一种幸福指数：3表示“非常幸福”，2表示“相当幸福”，1表示“不太幸福”。他们俩由此估算出，每额外增加1美元，幸福就会增值 0.00000409。或者说1万美元可以使你的幸福增值0.04个单位。

　　8.The two economists, using this index, assign a dollar value to other factors associated with more or less happiness.

　　8、这两位经济学家用这种指数以美元为单位对与大大小小的幸福相关的其他因素进行了估价。

　　9.Using that index, a lasting marriage is worth $100,000 per year compared with being widowed or divorced. Being "separated" is the greatest depressant of happiness, followed closely by the death of a spouse.

　　9、采用这种指标可以看出，与鳏寡或离异相比，持久的婚姻每年价值10万美元。“与配偶分居”是对幸福的抑制剂，紧随其后的是丧偶。

　　10.Second and subsequent marriages are less happy than first marriages on average.

　　10、一般来说，第二次婚姻和以后的再婚都不如第一次婚姻幸福。

　　11.A 16-year-old whose parents divorced has a lower level of well-being in adulthood.

　　11、一个双亲离异的16岁孩子在长大成人之后拥有较低程度的幸福。

　　12. "Marriage is believed by psychologists and psychiatrists to provide a protective effect to mental well-being," the authors note.

　　12、这两位作者指出：“心理学家和精神病学家认为婚姻是对精神健康的一种保障。”

　　13.Blanchflower suspects the decline in the happiness level of Americans from the early 1970s to the late 1990s, despite rising incomes, may be attributed to the rise in divorce.

　　13、布兰奇弗劳尔认为，尽管从1970年代初期到1990年代末期美国人的收入增加了，但是他们的幸福程度却降低了，这或许应归罪于离婚率的升髙。

　　14.Other findings include:

　　14、其他的发现包括：

　　15. To bring African-Americans up to average happiness levels, they would need an extra $ 30,000 in annual income.

　　15、要使非洲裔美国人的幸福程度上升到平均水平，他们的年收入还需要增加3万美元。

　　16. This, the authors speculate, may be the impact of racial discrimination. Over the past few decades, however, their happiness level has risen. "Blacks have made up some ground," they say.

　　16、这两位作者认为，这种较低的幸福程度可能是种族歧视的结果。然而， 在过去的几十年中，他们的幸福程度已经上升了。两位作者说:“黑人已经取 得了一些进展。”

　　17.Unemployment is highly damaging to men's happiness. It would take $ 60,000 a year to offset being jobless.

　　17、失业对男人的幸福损伤极大。要补偿这种无业状况一年需要6万美元。

　　18. 'Men's happiness has trended up. Women's sense of well-being, though higher than that of men, has fallen "noticeably". Policies aimed at ending discrimination against women apparently have not boosted their happiness overall.

　　18、男人的幸福程度越来越高了。女人的幸福感虽然比男人的要高一些,但已有“明显”下降。那些旨在消除女性歧视的政策显然还未从总体上提高她们的幸福程度。

　　19.The educated tend to be happier than those less educated, even when separated from the higher income that often accompanies greater education.

　　19、受教育多的人趋于比受教育少的人更幸福，即使在拿不到高崭时也如此，虽然高薪常常与高学历相关。

　　20.Happiness and life satisfaction are U-shaped according to age. In the United States, people's sense of well-being sinks to a low around 40 and then rises.

　　20、幸福程度与对生活的满意程度随着年龄的增加而呈U形曲线。在 美国，人们的幸福感在40岁左右降至低谷，然后又开始上升。

　　21.Perhaps, the authors suggest, people adapt to their circumstances, relinquish some unfulfilled aspirations by the middle of their lives, and enjoy life more.

　　21、这两位作者建议人们也许应该适应环境，到中年时放弃一些仍未实现 的抱负，从而充分地享受人生。

　　22.Being religious has a positive effect.

　　22、宗教信仰对人有积极影响。

　　23.Overall the number of children and siblings a person has doesn't have an impact on their happiness. But for those under 30, happiness decreases proportionately to the number of both children and siblings. Blanchflower and Mr. Oswald found it in a separate study,"The Rising Well-Being of the Young".

　　23、总体上来讲，一个人所拥有的孩子和兄弟姐妹的数量对他们的幸福并没有影响。但是，布兰奇弗劳尔和奥斯瓦尔德先生在另一项名为“年轻人日益增高的幸福感”的课题研究中发现，对于那些30岁以下的人来说，幸福感会因孩子和兄弟姊妹的增多而成比例地下降。

　　24.Blanchard suspects this has to do with the stress associated with having lots of kids.

　　24、布兰彻德认为这必定是由于孩子多而压力增大的缘故。

　　25.Surveys in Britain give "noticeably similar results" to those in the US. But people's level of satisfaction has remained about the same from the early 1970s to the late 1990s.

　　25、在英国的调查得出了与在美国的调查“明显相似的结果”。但是，从20世纪70年代初到90年代末，人们的满意程度几乎一直没有变化。

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