【#新概念英语# 导语】新概念英语一共144课。整本书无论是语法还是词汇,题材还是语句,都有其出彩之处。正是因为如此,新概念英语更是经久不衰,深受广大英语学习者的喜爱。®文档大全网为您整理了“新概念英语第一册Lesson139~144语法及单词解析”,希望可以帮助到您!
新概念英语第一册Lesson139~140语法及单词解析
语法 Grammar in use
宾语从句
在以前已介绍过宾语从句一般由that, which和whom引导,它们有时在口语中可以省略。除此之外,宾语从句还可以由when, where, what, why, how以及 if和 whether这些疑问词来引导,而它们在句中往往不能加以省略。无论是that, if还是wh-疑问词引导的宾语从句通常都应以陈述句的形式出现。
请看例句:
She wants to know when you'll have a bath.
她想知道你何时洗澡。
I don't know where she lives.
我不知道她住在哪儿。
He wants to know what you are cooking.
他想知道你在做什么饭。
She wants to know why Mary is late.
她想知道玛丽为何迟到。
He wants to know if you are tired.
他想知道你是否累了。
词汇学习 Word study
1.extra
(1)adj. 额外的;外加的;另外收费的:
Could you get an extra bottle of milk?
请你再拿一瓶牛奶好吗?
On Sundays, she always gets some extra sleep.
星期天她总是比平时多睡一会儿。
Guests at this hotel can use the gym at no extra cost.
这家饭店的客人们可以使用健身房,不再额外收费。
(2)adv. 额外地;另外:
He usually works extra on weekends.
他通常在周末加班。
They'll charge you extra for room service.
饭菜送到房间是要另外收费的。
She is extra nice to her colleagues these days.
这些日子她对她的同事们特别好。
2.overseas
(1)adj. 海外的;国外的:
The university recruits a large number of overseas
students each year.
这所大学每年招收大量的外国留学生。
This small country depends heavily on its overseas trade.
这个小国在很大程度上依赖于其海外贸易。
(2)adv. 在(或向)海外;在(或向)国外:
John is going to work overseas soon.
约翰不久就要出国工作了。
He has never been overseas.
他还从未出过国。
新概念英语第一册Lesson141~142语法及单词解析
语法 Grammar in use
被动语态
英语动词有主动语态和被动语态之分。在主动句中,动词的主语是执行动作的人或物。在被动句中,主语是动作的承受者。
在英语中被动词态用得很普遍,这样做可以避免用不明确的词作主语,或是将说话的重点放在事件而不是造成该事件的人或物上。
被动语态的构成: be +过去分词。
过去分词不一定指过去。请看例句:
(1)一般现在时形式: am/are/is +过去分词:
The room is aired regularly.
这个房间定期通风。
The knives are sharpened regularly.
刀定期磨。
(2)一般过去时形式: was/were +过去分词:
She was dressed in red.
她身穿红色衣服。
The windows were opened this morning.
窗户今早是开着的/被打开了。
(3)英语中表达感情的动词通常可用于被动式,这些动词如
amuse, embarrass, worry, surprise, interest, upset等:
She is embarrassed.
她感到尴尬。
They were worried.
他们感到担忧。
词汇学习 Word study
1.embarrassed adj.
(1)尴尬的;局促不安的:
He felt so embarrassed at that moment.
在那一刻,他感到如此尴尬。
The girl was very embarrassed to speak in front of so many strangers.
在如此之多的陌生人面前讲话,那个女孩子很是局促不安。
(2)陷入困境的;拮据的:
He was financially embarrassed.
他经济上陷入了困境。
He says that he is embarrassed at the moment, but he will be able to pay you next month.
他说他目前手头紧,但下个月就可以付钱给你。
2.curiously adv.
(1)好奇地:
The little boy watched curiously as his mum opened the box.
那个小男孩好奇地看着他妈妈打开盒子。
(2)过于好奇地:
She curiously opened the letter addressed to her husband.
她抑制不住好奇心,拆开了别人写给她丈夫的信。
3.kindly adv.
(1)和蔼地;亲切地:
He treats the children kindly.
他待孩子们和蔼而仁慈。
The old man greeted us kindly.
那位老人亲切地招呼我们。
(2)请(=please,有时表示客气,有时表示不满等):
Will you kindly leave the room?
请你离开这房间好吗?
Kindly acknowledge this letter.
此信收到后请告知。
(3)乐意地;感谢地:
He never takes criticism kindly.
他从不乐于接受批评。
新概念英语第一册Lesson143~144语法及单词解析
语法 Grammar in use
被动语态
上一次介绍了被动语态的一般现在时和一般过去时形式,这里介绍其现在完成时和一般将来时形式:
(1)现在完成时形式: has/have + been + 过去分词:
The basket has already been emptied.
篮子已经被腾空了。
They have already been invited.
他们已被邀请。
(2)一般将来时形式: will/shall +be +过去分词:
The floor will be swept soon.
地不久就会扫的。
The knives will be sharpened soon.
刀不久就会磨的。
词汇学习 Word study
1.place v.
(1)(小心地)放;放置:
He placed the record back to the shelf.
他把唱片放回到架子上。
Their request placed me in a difficult position.
他们的要求将我置于困境。
(2)任命;安置:
The company has placed him with a branch office in Tokyo.
公司任命他在东京的一家分支机构工作。
There is no better way to place the homeless children.
没有更好的办法来安置这些无家可归的孩子们。
2.prosecute v.
(1)起诉,检举;依法处置:
Trespassers will be prosecuted.
闲人莫入,违者法办。
They prosecuted him for shoplifting.
他们起诉他扒窃商店货物。
(2)〈书面语〉彻底进行;执行:
We are going to prosecute the investigation further.
我们将进一步彻底进行调查。
3.surround v.
包围;围绕:
The beautiful white house is surrounded by green trees.
那所漂亮的白房子被绿树环绕着。
That old professor loved to surround himself with young people.
那位老教授非常喜欢年轻人围在他左右。
When I went into the room, I saw Tim sitting on the floor surrounded by boxes.
当我走进房间时,我看到蒂姆正坐在地板上,他的周围到处都是盒子。