新概念英语第一册语法讲解|新概念英语第一册语法及单词Lesson121~126

副标题:新概念英语第一册语法及单词Lesson121~126

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新概念英语第一册语法及单词Lesson121~122


  语法 Grammar in use


  定语从句


  定语从句像形容词一样起修饰作用,但位于所修饰的名词之后。定语从句由关系代词引导,紧跟在它所修饰的成分后面。关系代词 who,whom与 that修饰人,which与 that修饰东西。关系代词指代从句的主语或宾语,同时又充当连接词,把从句和主句连接起来。请看例句:


  (1)关系代词作从句的主语(who/which/that):


  The dog which/that is carrying the basket is mine.


  叼着篮子的那只狗是我的。


  He's the porter who/that carried my suitcase.


  他就是那个扛着我的衣箱的搬运工。


  (2)关系代词作从句的宾语(whom/that/which):


  They're the windows which/that the children broke yesterday.


  这些就是孩子们昨天打碎的窗户。


  She's the lady whom I served yesterday.


  她就是我昨天服务过的那位女士。


  词汇学习 Word study


  1.recognize v.


  (1)认出;认识:


  I recognize him now.


  我现在认出他来了。


  Can you recognize this tune?


  你能听出这支曲调吗?


  (2)承认;确认:


  I recognize that he is more capable than I am.


  我承认他比我更有能力。


  They recognized Richard as his lawful heir.


  他们确认理查德为他的合法继承人。


  Are British medical qualifications recognized in other European countries?


  英国的医生执照在欧洲其他国家能否得到承认?


  2.serve v.


  (1)服务;接待;侍候:


  Are you being served, sir?


  先生,有人为您服务吗?


  A young waiter served them.


  一位年轻的侍者侍候他们进餐。


  (2)供应;摆出(食物或饮料等):


  What time is breakfast served in this hotel?


  这个饭店里什么时候供应早餐?


  Serve it to the ladies first.


  把它先端给女士们。


  (3)为……服务/服役;任职:


  The old cook has served the family for 30 years.


  这位老厨师已为这家干了30年了。


  He began to serve in the Navy in 1960.


  他从1960年起开始在海军服役。




新概念英语第一册语法及单词Lesson123~124


  语法 Grammar in use


  定语从句中的省略


  当关系代词代表主语并且从句中的谓语动词是(现在)进行时态时,关系代词及助动词be均可省略。如果关系代词在从句中代表宾语,则往往可以省略。此外,定语从句可用介词结尾。


  请分别看以下的例句:


  The woman standing behind the counter served me.


  站在柜台后边的那位妇女为我服务/招待了我。


  This is the book I bought yesterday.


  这就是我昨天买的那本书。


  The man I served was wearing a hat.


  我招待过的那个人当时戴着一顶帽子。


  That's the ship we travelled on.


  那就是我们旅行时乘的船。


  That's the man I told you about.


  那就是我告诉过你有关情况的那个人。


  词汇学习 Word study


  1.travel v.


  (1)旅行;游历:


  He said that if he had a lot of money he would travel around the world.


  他说,如果他有很多钱的话,他将会周游全世界。


  (2)行进;(被)传送:


  Light travels faster than sound at the speed of 300,000 kilometres per second.


  光速比声速要快,为每秒钟30万公里。


  The news didn't travel as fast as we had expected.


  这消息传播得不如我们所预料得那样快。


  2.offer v.


  (1)(主动)给予;提供:


  He is offered a job in Canada.


  有人提供给他一份在加拿大的工作。


  We offered some coffee to the guests.


  我们为客人们提供了咖啡。


  (2)提出;出(价):


  Do you have any good suggestions to offer?


  你能否提供一些好的建议?


  I'll offer you £ 30,000 for the house.


  这所房子我愿出3万英镑买下来。


  (3)(主动)表示愿意,提议:


  He offered to help me with my research paper.


  他表示愿意帮助我一起做我的研究论文


  ‘I could lend you some books,’Jane offered.


  “我可以借你一些书,”简自告奋勇地提议。


  3.grow v.


  (1)生长;成长:


  His hair has grown too long.


  他的头发长得太长了。


  The trees have grown rapidly.


  树木生长得快。


  (2)使生长;留(须发):


  He grew a beard during the trip.


  他在旅行时留了胡子。


  We grew a lot of roses in our garden.


  我们在自己的花园里种植了大量的玫瑰花。




新概念英语第一册语法及单词Lesson125~126


  语法 Grammar in use


  must, have to和 needn't


  这3个词都表示必要性。在前面已对 must和 have to介绍过。


  must是情态助动词,而have to是普通动词,二者在肯定句中一般可以互换,表示不可逃避的义务或责任。must更带有说话人的主观色彩,而have to则更强调客观要求和外界影响。


  must一般只能表达现在的必要性,而have to则可以表达过去或将来的必要性。对比例句:


  Must you go now?


  你必须现在就走吗?


  Yes,I have to leave at once.


  是的,我不得不马上就走。


  Yes,1 must leave at once.


  是的,我必须马上就走。


  I shall have to leave London tomorrow.


  我明早得离开伦敦。


  I had to stop smoking because it was forbidden in my company.


  因为我所在的公司内禁止抽烟,所以我不得不停止了吸烟。


  如果我们用 must来提问,则只能用needn't来表达否定的回答。 needn't 还可以理解为have to的否定回答。needn't (don't need to)和 don't have to都表示不必要;而 mustn't却表示绝对禁止,在说话人看来根本没有选择余地。请看例句:


  Must she leave early?


  她必须早走吗?


  She needn’t leave early.


  她不必早走。


  Do you have to take a taxi?


  你必须乘出租汽车吗?


  I don’t have to/need to take a taxi.


  我不必乘出租车。


  You mustn't turn left.


  你不能左转弯。(表示绝对禁止)


  词汇学习 Word study


  1.mean v.


  (1)意味着,即:


  It's raining! That means you don't need to water the garden.


  下雨了!这就是说,你不必给花园浇水了。


  (2)(词语)表示……意思:


  What does‘perfume’ mean in English?


  “perfume”一词在英语中是什么意思?


  The green light means‘Go on.’


  绿灯的意思是“继续向前”。


  (3)意指;意欲:


  What I mean is that we'll have to go back and look for it.


  我的意思是:我们必须回去寻找它。


  He didn't mean to hurt you.


  他的本意并不是想伤害你。


  2.water v.


  (1)浇(洒)水;供水;喂水:


  The garden is very dry, I'm going to water it tomorrow morning.


  花园里很干了,明早我准备给它浇些水。


  Tim is watering his lovely little dog.


  蒂姆正在给他那只可爱的小狗喂水。


  (2)充满水;充满泪水;流口水:


  He felt sad and his eyes watered a little.


  他感到难过,眼睛有点儿湿润了。


  Ice cream always makes his mouth water.


  冰淇淋总能让他馋得淌口水。


  (3)搀水冲淡;加水稀释:


  Someone had been watering the milk.


  有人往牛奶里搀了水。


  He always waters drinks and sells them to tourists.


  他总是在饮料里搀水并将之卖给游客们。


新概念英语第一册语法及单词Lesson121~126.doc

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