考研英语写作常见问候语|2019考研英语写作常见失误及实例解析

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例1：我们所缺少的是环保意识。

误What we are missing are environmental awareness.

正What we are missing is environmental awareness.

单个主语从句做主语相当于第三人称单数做主语，根据主谓一致原则，谓语动词也应用单数。

例2：仔细分析上述图表可揭示这一趋势背后的原因，主要有三个方面。

误Careful analyses of the chart above may reveal the reason behind the trend, which involve three causes.

正Careful analyses of the chart above may reveal the reason behind the trend, which involves three causes.

该句中的定语从句是由which引导的非限定性定语从句，修饰限定先行词reason，而不是analyses，关系词which在定语从句中做主语，所以根据主谓一致的原则，主语是单数时，谓语动词也是单数。

(二)句子成分多余

从句法作用上看，从句的关系词在句中充当一定的成分，特别是在定语从句中，但是很多同学在实际写作中，往往忽视这一点，从而造成从句成分多余的错误。

例1：正如图中描述的那样，尽管他们只有一条腿，但是通过合作，两个残疾人跑得很快。

误As it is vividly depicted in the picture, two disabled men are running fast through teamwork although each of them has only one leg.

正As is vividly depicted in the picture, two disabled men are running fast through teamwork although each of them has only one leg.

该句中as引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中做主语，修饰整个主句“two disabled men are running fast through teamwork although each of them has only one leg.”，而错句中多了代词it做从句的主语，造成句子成分多余。

例2：图片描绘了一个孩子，她的妈妈对他期望很高。

误The picture demonstrates a child whose her mother holds high hopes for her.

正The picture demonstrates a child whose mother holds high hopes for her.

该句中的定语从句的关系词whose相当于“a child’s/her”，而错句的定语从句中多了形容词性物主代词her做定语，造成句子成分多余。

(三)时态错误

时态的使用是语法规则中重要的一点，不同句型的表达都须严格遵循。而句子时态不正确属于常见的表达错误之一，同学们一定要注意。

例1：如果我们有幸通过研究生入学考试并被理想的院校录取，我们不能从此不再努力。

误If we will be fortunately admitted by a university, we shall never stop making efforts.

正If we are fortunately admitted by a university, we shall never stop making efforts.

从句是由if引导的表条件的状语从句，要注意的是主句用将来时的时候，if引导的条件状语从句要用一般现在时。

例2：当父母年老时，我们逃避责任不去照顾他们，这是有违常理的。

误It is against nature for us to shirk the responsibility of taking care of our parents when they will be old.

正It is against nature for us to shirk the responsibility of taking care of our parents when they are old.

从句是由when引导的时间状语从句“当父母年老时”，when引导的时间状语从句要用一般现在时。

(四)连词使用不当

从句中连词使用不当是另外一个常见的语法错误，考生要注意避免犯此类错误。

例1：在过去，虽然这个场景会让人们大惊小怪，但现在人们把这看作日常小事。

误Although in the past, the scene may arouse a fuss, but now it is merely a daily occurrence.

正Although in the past, the scene may arouse a fuss, now it is merely a daily occurrence.

“虽然”与“但是”形成明显的转折关系，所以翻译为让步状语从句，由连词although引导，但是在英语中连词although与but不能同时出现。

例2：这个例子有力地证明了自信的前提是知己知彼，因为无知会带来无限的畏惧。

误This case effectively clarifies that being aware of our abilities and the situation is the purpose of being confident because of fear always springs from ignorance.

正This case effectively clarifies that being aware of our abilities and the situation is the purpose of being confident, because fear always springs from ignorance.

从句“因为无知会带来无限的畏惧”是表原因的状语从句，可由because引导，而because of后面须加名词，不能加句子。

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