Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society, a network of research institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create- sought-after technologies. But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition. Universities are taking an ever larger role in technology transfer, and technology parks are springing up all over. These efforts are being complemented by the federal programmes for pumping money into start-up companies.
Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success, but it is not without its critics. These people worry that favouring applied research will mean neglecting basic science, eventually starving industry of fresh ideas. If every scientist starts thinking like an entrepreneur (企业家), the argument goes, then the traditional principles of university research being curiosity-driven, free and widely available will suffer. Others claim that many of the programmes to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years. While this-debate continues, new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germany's research networks, which bear famous names such as Helmholtz, Max Planck and Leibniz. Yet it is the fourth network, the Fraunhofer Society, that plays the greatest role in technology transfer.
Founded in 1949,. the Fraunhofer Society is now Europe's largest organisation for applied technology, and has 59 institutes employing 12, 000 people. It continues to grow. Last year, it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in Berlin. Today, there are even Fraunhofers in the US and Asia.
41 What factor can be attributed to German prosperity?
A Technology transfer.
B Good management.
C Hard work.
D Fierce competition.
42 Which of the following is NOT true of traditional university research?
A It is free.
B It is profit-driven.
C It is widely available.
D It is curiosity-driven.
43 The Fraunhofer Society is the largest organisation for applied technology in
A Asia.
B USA.
C Europe.
D Africa.
44 When was the Fraunhofer Society founded?
A In 1940.
B Last year.
C After the unification.
D In 1949.
45 The word "expertise" in line 3 could be best replaced by
A "experts".
B "scientists".
C "scholars".
D "special knowledge".
答案: 41. A 42. B 43. C 44. D 45. D
2017职称英语等级试综合类B级综合练习五.doc正在阅读:
2022年陕西初级经济师考试时间:11月12日至13日01-26
2023年广西贺州中级会计职称准考证打印时间及入口:8月28日-9月8日08-15
集团员工试用期工作总结三篇02-16
六年级叙事作文:难忘多米诺_700字12-10
2023年广西外科主治医师考试时间、科目及方式[4月15、16、22、23日]04-14
巴彦淖尔2017年考研现场确认时间:2016年11月6日-12日(内蒙古)05-18
2020年四川法考客观题考试准考证打印入口【已开通】10-25
最后一课改写作文1500字08-17
事业单位转正个人总结范文|事业单位个人总结范文三篇07-19
第一次种多肉作文300字09-25