动物有语言吗？——语言学作业
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语言学课程作业： Language is human specific. In order to search answers for this question, Let’s come to analyze the generally definition of language: Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. (1) Language is a well-organized system which is complex with so many words and grammar. For a language, only with a clear grammar and mountainous certain words can it directly expresses the correct meanings. To learn a language, we have to recognize that it takes time for us to do that. A talent child, maybe spends certain time, let alone the animals. Here, let’s come to a question: Would a animal willing to spend time learning language instead of foraging……Still, it is too difficult and complex for animals which do not have the same intelligence and time as human to learn language. In our daily life, we hear what they sound may be just they are acting some messages instinctively. (2) Language is a system of unique vocal symbols for human’s communication. It tells us that language is first perceived through its sounds. Familiarly, we know, the articulatory apparatus of a human being are contained in three important areas: the pharyngeal cavity, the oral cavity and the nasal cavity. While animal’s vocal organs (even we don’t know their exact unified vocal organs till today and maybe they haven’t one) are much simply constructed. So, most of the animals can just give some simple sounds. Language is a kind of tool to express one’s need clearly. It has to be complex because one’s need is unpredictable. If a language is not only specific to human beings, the language of animals would seem much easier because their physiological shortage. Thus, language itself would gradually delete many its features: productivity and duality. At that time, how can we say language can be a system of language. So, it’s impossible for animals which does has the similar articulatory apparatus of a human being to learn. Because it would gradually weaken language’s diversity. (3) Language is for communication. It comes from our developing society and it will gradually change as our society. Once, people said:” Language makes us human. Also, One of the linguists from France said:” To study the human beings, one has to study language, to study the language, one has to study the society”. It has become a tie together. We don’t deny that animal itself has its Transfer information system. For example, bee dancing used to indicate food, But through years of searching, we still find it the only kind of message that can be sent through the dancing. These kinds of actions are the reaction to distinction. It is not a kind of action of logos. The same example is that the newly-born baby. None can deny that the new born baby is not human. When he or she come to this world, the first thing they do is to cry themselves out. Of course, this is a human sound. But how can we know they are happy or just be astonished? Of course, this kind of sound shouldn’t be named language. So, form here, we know, language is human specific but we still learn it from the life , in our society. A famous linguist Xu Guozhang said:” Language is a kind of logos but not a distinction. “To some extent, human being can be considered a kind of thinking animal. L. Wittgenstein said: ：“The limits of my language are the limits of my mind. All I know is what I have words for..”Language relies on the thinking, relies on the society. Language is human specific. 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/0aca254af78a6529647d5377.html