一． 说明原因和结果 1. There are many reasons for …to do … 2. Among all these reasons-factors, …plays an important role. 3. A number of factors contribute to this change. 4. The reasons for this phenomenon are obvious. 二． 说明方法和措施 1. It is an urgent thing to take effective methods to solve the problem. 2. Facing…, we should try our best to figure out the ways to change this situation. 3. Taking the above-mentioned into consideration, I think, it is high time we took effective measures. 4. Every great tree grows from a small seed. If we all start to do a little, together we can achieve a lot. 三． 表示不同看法 1. Different people have different opinions on the question/problem.. Some believe that…; Others argue that… 2. When it comes to …, different people offer different views. 四． 用于文章开头 1. Recently, the problem of …has become a heated topic. 2. Nowadays, it is generally accepted that…, 3. With the rapid development of…, people begin to …/there arises a heated debate as to… 4. Now people in growing numbers are realizing the importance of … 五． 设问 1. “Should we…/What should we do to …?” Answers to the question vary from person to person. 2. “Why do we …?” Many people often ask questions like this. 六． 用于文章结尾 1. From the above-mentioned, we may draw the conclusion that … 2. Taking into account all these factors, we should… 3. There is no doubt that we must pay considerable attention to… 4. In one word, it takes our common efforts/is everyone’s responsibility to… 七． 利与弊 1. The advantages outweight the disadvantages. 2. Compared with B, A has much greater than B. 3. … has drawbacks as well as merits. 4. This created a double-edged sword: …helped relieve…but carsed other problems that… 八． 关联词语 Nowadays现在 in recent years近年来 first of all首先，第一 above all最重要的是 generally speaking 一般来说 on the whole总体来说 later 后来 then然后 what’s more(besides) in addition obvioulsy明显地 meanwhile与此同时 in this case在这种情况下 for this purpose为了这个目的 in a word, in conclusion, as a result, that is , in other words. 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/2354a76b2f60ddccda38a04b.html