定语从句教案
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定语从句(the attributive clause) 衡东欧阳遇中学 谭麦华 教学目的:了解定语从句,关系代词和关系副词的区别和应用。 教学难点:1.如何判定用哪个关系代词还是用哪个关系副词 2.定语从句与其他从句的区别 教学方法:观察,总结,练习 教具:Multimedia, question paper Step1:定语的概念: 定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。比如: (先试试用横线划出下面短语中的定语,然后在后面的括号里注明是什么在作定语) a beautiful girl ( )three boys ( ) a shoe factory ( ) Jim’s father ( ) our teacher ( ) the man in the car ( ) the man standing at the door ( ) the man who is talking with Sam ( ) step2:定语从句的概念及主要特征: 1.定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词;定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后;引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 请划出下列句子中的定语从句、先行词及关系代词: The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 2. 定语从句的主要特征: (1)先行词要在从句中充当一定的成分;(2)what永远不能引导定语从句; (3)翻译时先译从句,翻译成“„„.的” Step3:定语从句的基本用法: 定语从句的引导词关系代词指人指物who(主语、宾语),whom(宾语),that(主语、宾语), whose(定语)that(主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语)whose(定语)where (地点状语)关系副词when (时间状语)why (原因状语) Step4:高考常见考点 考点一:指物时只用that 的情况 1. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如: This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 2. 当先行词是不定代词everything, anything, nothing (something 除外), all, none, few, little, some等代词时,或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。如: All that can be done has been done. 所有能做的都做好了。 There is little that I can do for you. 我不能为你干什么。 3. 当先行词被序数词修饰时。如: The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。 4. 当先行词被表示“正是”的the very, the only修饰时。如: This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 这正是我要买的词典。 After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns. 家里发生了火灾过后,那辆旧车成了他的唯一拥有。 5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。如: Who is the man that is standing by the gate? 站在门口的那个人是谁? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 哪件T恤衫最合我的身? 6. 当关系代词在从句中作表语时: Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be. China is no longer the country that it used to be. 7. 当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。如: They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school 他们谈论着他们所能记起的在校时的人和事。 考点二:以下情况只能用which引导定语从句 1,逗号后面 2,介词后面 1. Jim passed the driving test, ______ surprised everybody in the office.(2008) A.which B that C this D.it 2. The day ______ he was born was Aug .20 ,1952. A.on which B that C which D.this 考点三:关系代词 as 的用法 1) 直接引导定语从句: 作用相当于which He was late, as / which is often the case. 2) 与such 连用, 引起定语从句 There are no such writers as you mention. 区别:It gave him such a shock that his face turned white. 3) 与same 连用, 引起定语从句 ☆ the same „ as 表示同一类人或物; the same „ that 指同一个人或物 eg.This is the same pen ______I lost yesterday. A. as B. that C.the one D. A&B 考点四:as 与 which 的区别 ★as 在从句中作主语时,后面常接行为动词的被动语态,如be known, be said,be reported等, ★如从句中行为动词是主动语态,一般要用which作主语。 She has been late again, _______ was expected. Tom has made great progress, _______ made us happy. 总结: 1. which的先行词可以是名词,也可以是句子的一部分或代替整个句子;which从句不能放句首; 2. as 一般代替整个句子, 从句则可以放句首, 句中或句尾, 表示“正如” ,“或像…一样” 。 例如:as is known, as everyone knows ,as is said, as often happens, as you can see, as it is……;当先行词前有as, so, such, the same 修饰时,关系代词常用as。 ___is known to us all, Taiwan is a part of China. 考点五—易混句型 1.定语从句与并列句 1). a. I saw some trees, and the leaves of ____ were black with disease. b. I saw some trees, the leaves of ______were black with disease. 2). a. The professor is a little man, on the nose of ___there is a pair of glasses b. The professor is a little man, and on the nose of __ there is a pair of glasses 解题点拨 : 是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的关键 2.定语从句与同位语从句 1). a. The news ______our volleyball team won the match made us excited. b. The news _____he told me yesterday is exciting. 2). a. I made a promise ___ if anyone set me free, I would make him very rich. b. The mother made a promise ______pleased all her children. 解题点拨:that引导的定语从句是对其先行词的修饰或限制;在句中作成份(作宾语省略),指物时可用which代替;而同位语从句是对前面名词的说明和解释。that在从句中仅起连接作用,不充当成份,不能省略,不能用which代替。 Step5: practice(用适当的关系词填空) Though I can’t remember everything ____ happened during the time in university, I still remember some people and things _____ were related to Miss Brown, _____ used to be monitor in our class. If you want to know who the lady is _____ I referred to in my diary, I can tell you it’s her, Miss Brown. Here is a story ______ makes me remember Miss Brown until now. One afternoon, she and I arrived in New York, ______ we would look forward to. We went to the biggest bookshop in ______ there were different kinds of books to be sold. There, she persuaded me to read every grammar book ______ could offer me knowledge of grammar and buy a dictionary _______ I could look up the new words in. Miss Brown also bought the same books _____ I did. Just when we left the bookshop and were ready to go back to our university, a big man stopped us and robbed me of my necklace. I’ll never forget that time ______ Miss Brown tried her best to help me and lost one of her fingers. 本文来源:https://www.wddqw.com/doc/4cce627dcc175527072208ac.html