考研英语二模拟试题及答案解析(18)
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考研英语二模拟试题及答案解析（18） (1~20/共20题)Section ⅠUse of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. Aging poses a serious challenge to OECD (Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development) countries, in particular, how to pay for future public pension liabilities. And early retirement places an__1__burden on pension financing. There is no easy solution, but__2__retirement could help. Early retirement may seem like a__3__individual goal, but it is a socially expensive one, and makes the present public pension system difficult to sustain for long. The__4__reason is that more people are retiring early and living longer. That means more retirees depending on the funding of those in work for their__5__, The__6__is worrying. In the next 50 years, low fertility rates and rising life expectancy in OECD countries will cause this old-age dependency rate to roughly double in size. Public pension payments, which__7__30c80 % of total retirement incomes in OECD countries, are__8__to rise, on average, by over three percentage points in GDP and by as much as eight percentage points in some countries. __9__is the pressure on pension funds that there is a danger of today´s workers not getting the pensions they expected or felt they__10__for. Action is needed,__11__simply aiming to reduce the__12__(and cost) of public pensions, or trying to__13__the role of privately funded pensions within the system, though necessary steps, may be__14__to deal with the dependency challenge. After years of __15__early retirement schemes to avoid__16__and higher unemployment, many governments are now looking__17__persuading people to stay in work until they are older.__18__, the thinking goes, if we are healthier now and jobs are physically less__19__and unemployment is down, then perhaps the__20__rate should rise a new. 第1题 A.unbelievable B.unsolvable C.unwanted D.unsustainable 第2题 A.hindering B.delaying C.prolonging D.enforcing 第3题 A.inscrutable B.unpractical C.worthy D.undeserved 第4题 A.controversial B.superficial C.trivial D.essential 第5题 A.income B.expense C.nursing D.insurance 第6题 A.outset B.outcome C.outbreak D.outlook 第7题 A.invest B.deduct C.afford D.cost 第8题 A.authorized B.expected C.intended D.conceived 第9题 A.Such B.As C.It D.So 第10题 A.are paid B.should pay C.would pay D.be paid 第11题 A.for B.but C.when D.and 第12题 A.visibility B.credibility C.generosity D.popularity 第13题 A.augment B.minimize C.define D.assess 第14题 A.inefficient B.insufficient C.indispensable D.inevitable 第15题 A.exploring B.considering C.debating D.advancing 第16题 A.inflation B.discrepancies C.redundancies D.depression 第17题 A.into B.at C.on D.about 第18题 A.Surely B.Accordingly C.Similarly D.Lately 第19题 A.oppressive B.turbulent C.tiresome D.strenuous 第20题 A.present B.mortality C.dependency D.fertility 下一题 (21~25/共20题)Section ⅡReading Comprehension Directions : Read the following four terts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B],[C]or [D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. Power and water are interconnected and that has serious consequences for the American West as it grapples with climate change. By now, everyone knows you save energy by turning out lights. And you conserve water by taking shorter showers. But it´s just as true that saving water may be one of the most effective ways to save energy—and vice versa. "It´s a ´buy one, get one free´ deal," said Douglas Kenney, a professor at the University of Colorado Law School and the editor of an upcoming book that explores the nexus of water and energy. In California today, just delivering water accounts for 20 percent of the state´s energy consumption. It takes power to gather water, purify water, and distribute water, especially in places like southern California where water is piped hundreds of miles to supply Los Angeles´ sprawling demands. Nationally, energy production sucks more water from freshwater sources than any other sector except agriculture. It takes water to create the power we use to drive our cars, transport our groceries, and run our toaster ovens. Virtually every source of electricity in a typical American home or manufacturing plant—whether it comes from hydroelectricity, coal, natural gas, nuclear, biofuels, or even concentrated solar—also requires water. Lots of water. That´s a growing problem, because in many places, finding water for energy isn´t easy— and it´s bound to get tougher as energy demands soar and climate change alters hydrological cycles in already arid regions. The energy sector is the fastest-growing water consumer in the United States, according to a January 2011 Congressional Research Service report. Nationally, that´s a challenge, but regionally it could be a calamity. As the Congressional Research report notes, "much of the growth in the energy sector´s water demand is concentrated in regions with already intense competition over water." The connection between energy and water—and the precariousness of that link in the western United States—is exemplified in a gigantic plug of concrete stopping the muddy Colorado River above Las Vegas, otherwise known as Hoover Dam. At the ceremony inaugurating the Hoover Dam provided the two key ingredients—water and power—that freed the Southwest and southern California to go on a 75-year growth spurt. Lake Mead now supplies water to more than 22 million people, and it produces more than four billion kilowatts of electricity per year. The Colorado River, lifeblood of seven western states, is already as overdrawn as the federal treasury. Drought conditions during most of the 21st century have forced water managers to plan for a day when the region´ s vast system of dams and reservoirs no longer have enough water to store. Already, utilities have to scramble to respond on days when everybody in Phoenix, Las Vegas and Los Angeles wants to crank their air conditioners during the same heat wave. 第21题 What does "vice versa" (Line 3, Para. 1) refer to? A.Saving water and saving energy could happen meanwhile. B.Wasting water may be one of the fastest ways to waste energy. C.Saving water may be one of the most effective ways to save energy. D.Saving energy may be one of the most effective ways to save water. 第22题 Which of the following statement is TRUE? A.Energy production sucks water mostly. B.We fuel our cars and run our toaster ovens with water. C.Almost every source of electricity in home or factory requires water. D.Coal, natural gas, nuclear, biofuels require water, however solar does not. 第23题 It can be inferred from the passage that the Congressional Research Service report considers the U. S. energy sector______. A.efficient B.praiseworthy C.insignificant D.spiny 第24题 Which of the following can substitute for "overdrawn" (Line 1, Para. 6)? A.Deficient. B.Abundant. C.Significant. D.Prompt. 第25题 The most appropriate title for this passage could be______. A.Electricity Needs Water B.Save the Colorado River C.How to Save Water D.Saving Energy and Conserving Water 上一题 下一题 (26~30/共20题)Section ⅡReading Comprehension Directions : Read the following four terts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B],[C]or [D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. Ever since Muzak started serenading patrons of hotels and restaurants in the 1930s, piped-in music has been part of the consumer experience. Without the throb of a synthesiser or a guitar´s twang, shoppers would sense something missing as they tried on jeans or filled up trolleys. Specialists like Mood Media, which bought Muzak in 2011, devise audio programmes to influence the feel of shops and cater to customers´ tastes. The idea is to entertain, and thereby prolong the time shoppers spend in stores, says Claude Nahon, the firm´s international chief. Music by famous artists works better than the generic stuff that people associate with Muzak. The embarrassing brand name was dropped in 2013. Online shopping is an under-explored area of merchandising musicology. A new study commissioned by eBay, a shopping website, aims to correct that. Some 1,900 participants were asked to simulate online shopping while listening to different sounds. Some results were unsurprising. The noise of roadworks and crying babies soured shoppers´ views of the products on offer. Chirruping birds encouraged sales of barbecues but not blenders or board games. Sounds associated with quality and luxury seemed to be hazardous for shoppers´ wallets. The study found classical music and restaurant buzz caused them to overestimate the quality of goods on offer and to pay more than they should. That backs up earlier research which found that shoppers exposed to classical music in a wine store bought more expensive bottles than those hearing pop. EBay wants consumers to avoid such unhealthy influences when shopping online. It has blended birdsong, dreamy music and the sound of a rolling train—thought to be pleasant but not overly seductive—to help them buy more sensibly. Retailers could presumably counter by turning up the Chopin. "Classical music does seem to be the way to go" if your only interest is the narrow one of squeezing as much money as possible from your clientele, says the study´s author, Patrick Fagan, a lecturer at Goldsmiths, part of the University of London. Few traditional shops are likely to use that tactic. H&M, a clothes retailer, airs "trendy, up-tempo" music from new artists, while Nespresso´s coffee boutiques go for "lounge-y" sounds, says Mr. Nahon. Grocery stores, with a broad following, play top 40 hits. The tempo tends to be slower in the mornings, when shoppers are sparser and older, and becomes more quick and lively as the day goes on. 第26题 The brand name Muzak was dropped in 2013 because it______. A.was outdated B.was bought by Mood Media in 2011 C.was often associated with generic music D.entertained customers better 第27题 The sound of______may increase sales of board games. A.roadworks B.crying babies C.chirruping birds D.classic music 第28题 The word "hazardous"(Para. 3)probably means______. A.safe B.dangerous C.helpful D.lucky 第29题 The sound which helps customers buy more sensibly______. A.belongs to classical music B.includes the sound of a rolling train C.sounds noisy and unpleasant D.is overly seductive 第30题 It can be inferred that a fashion shop should play______to attract customers. A.trendy and up-tempo music B.lounge-y music C.slow and tender music D.quick and lively music 上一题 下一题 (31~35/共20题)Section ⅡReading Comprehension Directions : Read the following four terts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B],[C]or [D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. Not too many decades ago it seemed "obvious" both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people´ s natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the "obvious" is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else. Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than are big-city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different stifle of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers. These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers. Moreover, there may be a link between a community´s population size and its social heterogeneity. For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc. Large-city urbanites are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size. 第31题 Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the first paragraph? A.Two contrasting views are presented. B.An argument is examined and possible solutions given. C.Research results concerning the quality of urban life are presented in order of time. D.A detailed description of the difference between urban and small-town life is given. 第32题 According to the passage, it was once a common belief that urban residents_____. A.did not have the same interests as their neighbors B.could not develop long-standing relationships C.tended to be associated with bad behavior D.usually had more friends 第33题 One of the consequences of urban life is that impersonal relationships among neighbors_____. A.disrupt people´ s natural relations B.make them worry about crime C.cause them not to show concern for one another D.cause them to the suspicious of each other 第34题 It can be inferred from the passage that the bigger a community is_____. A.the better its quality of life B.the more similar its interests C.the more tolerant and open-minded it is D.the likelier it is to display psychological symptoms of stress 第35题 What is the passage mainly about? A.Similarities in the interpersonal relationships between urbanites and small town dwellers. B.Advantages of living in big cities as compared with living in small towns C.The positive role that urbanism plays in modern life. D.The strong feeling of alienation of city inhabitants. 上一题 下一题 (36~40/共20题)Section ⅡReading Comprehension Directions : Read the following four terts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B],[C]or [D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. How best to solve the pollution problems of a city sunk so deep within sulfurous clouds that it was described as hell on earth? Simply answered: Relocate all urban smoke-creating industry and encircle the metropolis of London with sweetly scented flowers and elegant hedges. In fact, as Christine L. Corton, a Cambridge scholar, reveals in her new book, London Fog, this fragrant anti-smoke scheme was the brainchild of John Evelyn, the 17th-century diarist. King Charles II was said to be much pleased with Evelyn´ s idea, and a bill against the smoky nuisance was duly drafted. Then nothing was done. Nobody at the time, and nobody right up to the middle of the 20th century, was willing to put public health above business interests. And yet it´s a surprise to discover how beloved a feature of London life these multicolored fogs became. A painter, Claude Monet, fleeing besieged Paris in 1870, fell in love with London´s vaporous, mutating clouds. He looked upon the familiar mist as his reliable collaborator. Visitors from abroad may have delighted in the fog, but homegrown artists lit candles and vainly scrubbed the grime from their gloom-filled studio windows. "Give us light!" Frederic Leighton pleaded to the guests at a Lord Mayor´ s banquet in 1882, begging them to have pity on the poor painter. The more serious side of Corton´ s book documents how business has taken precedence over humanity where London´ s history of pollution is concerned. A prevailing westerly wind meant that those dwelling to the east were always at most risk. Those who could afford it lived elsewhere. The east was abandoned to the underclass. Lord Palmerston spoke up for choking East Enders in the 1850s, pointing a finger at the interests of the furnace owners. A bill was passed, but there was little change. Eventually, another connection was established: between London´ s perpetual veil of smog and its citizens´ cozily smoldering grates. Sadly, popular World War I songs like "Keep the Home Fires Burning" didn´t do much to encourage the adoption of smokeless fuel. It wasn ´t until what came to be known as the "Great Killer Fog" of 1952 that the casualty rate became impossible to ignore and the British press finally took up the cause. It was left to a Member of Parliament to steer the Clean Air Act into law in 1956. Within a few years, even as the war against pollution was still in its infancy, the dreaded fog began to fade. Corton´s book combines meticulous social history with a wealth of eccentric detail. Thus we learn that London´s ubiquitous plane trees were chosen for their shiny, fog-resistant foliage. It´s discoveries like these that make reading London Fog such an unusual and enlightening experience. 第36题 Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 2? A.The fragrant anti-smoke scheme was inspired by John Evelyn´ s child. B.King Charles II was not actually satisfied with Evelyn´ s idea. C.The process of drafting the bill against the smoky nuisance was slow. D.It wasn´ t until the middle of the 20th century that someone willingly put public health above commercial interests. 第37题 The word "grime"(Para. 3)is closest in meaning to______. A.fog B.dirt C.frost D.paint 第38题 Which of the following would be most heavily affected by London´ s pollution according to Corton´ s book? A.rich dwellers in the east. B.the underclass in the west. C.East London´ s slum dwellers. D.servants of furnace owners. 第39题 The author mainly shows in the last but one paragraph that______. A.Great Killer Fog led to huge mortality B.The British press was also playing a big role C.It was a long way for Clean Air Act to be passed D.reducing the air pollution worked though it was in the primary stage 第40题 There were plane trees everywhere in London because they_____. A.could resist fog and haze B.were related to social history C.contained a wealth of eccentric detail D.were shiny and beautified the environment 上一题 下一题 (41~45/共5题)Part B Directions : Read the following tert and decide whether each of the statements is true or false. Choose T if the state ment is true or F if the statement is not true. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. [A]Monitor your alcohol use [B]Pay attention to table manners [C]Don´ t be a gossip [D]Network with higher-ups [E]Keep the conversation light [F]Dress appropriately [G]Make new friends For young workers, holiday parties can be a wonderful opportunity to celebrate a successful year gone by, catch up with colleagues and hobnob with senior executives to try to get ahead. But a host of challenges confront young employees—from figuring out whom to bring to walking the fine line between being friendly and being flirty. Some do´ s and don ´ts when it comes to these events: __41__ If you´ re new to the company, talk to co-workers who have attended previous office functions to get a sense of what you should wear. Dress conservatively, not "like you´re going to a club in Vegas, "says Tom Gimbel, CEO of staffing firm LaSalle Network in Chicago. But, he adds, don´t take it "to the point where(you´re)wearing a suit where everybody else is wearing jeans." __42__ Steer clear of talking about those layoffs or pay freezes that have hit morale, experts advise. "Try to keep the conversation upbeat," says Barbara Pachter, president of Pachter & Associates, a business-etiquette and communications firm in Cherry Hill, N.J. "If you´re merging, that could be an exciting thing,(or if)you´re adding new product lines, that could be an exciting thing" to talk about. __43__ While it´ s fun to indulge in rumors about colleagues, you don´ t want to be known as the person who´ s always spreading juicy gossip. "You want to be known for your work ethic, you want to be known for the work product that you put out, and at a holiday party, you don´t want to be the one telling everybody who´ s making out with whom and who´ s fighting with whom," says Mr. Gimbel. Instead, he encourages people to stick to safe topics like sports, entertainment and what´ s going on in the world. __44__ Even if you´re intimidated by the clique of VPs huddling in their own circle, don´t pass up the opportunity to meet these people, who could be interviewing you when you´ re up for your next promotion. Look for an opening to chime in on a topic that you know about. If they don´t already know you, introduce yourself and say how long you´ve been with the company and what you do. Afterward, if you feel like you connected with someone senior, send them a follow-up email saying it was nice to meet them, says Ms. Pachter. "What have you got to lose?" __45__ Holiday parties are one of the few workplace events where imbibing is allowed and even encouraged to get people relaxed. However, just because alcohol is free-flowing at the bar doesn´t mean you should take that as a license to reprise your college frat parties. "Most people head toward the bar and the buffet when they get to a holiday party, and if they drink on an empty stomach they tend to get inebriated and then they could say the wrong thing or do the wrong thing," says Ms. Whitmore. "No. 1 rule is: Don´t drink too much, monitor your alcohol intake. Usually, one or two drinks is plenty." 第41题 第42题 第43题 第44题 第45题 上一题 下一题 (1/1)Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) 第46题 Hallowell argues in his new book, Driven to Distraction at Work: How to Focus and Be More Productive, that when you feel real or imagined concerns piling on, share them with a friend, and there´s a better chance that aimless anxiety will change into problem-solving. He believes that worrying alone is one of the major reasons that people can´t focus, both at work and elsewhere in their lives. Worrying alone does not have to be toxic, but it tends to become toxic because in isolation we lose perspective. We tend to globalize, catastrophize, when no one is there to act as a reality check. Our imaginations run wild. Indeed, Samuel Johnson, a severe worrier himself, called worry a "disease of the imagination". When we worry alone we risk losing touch with reality, becoming paralyzed in worry, making bad decisions, and even getting sick, as toxic worry depresses immune function. ___________ 上一题 下一题 (1/1)Section Writing Part A 第47题 Write a letter of about 100 words to your American friend Jam, recommending your Chinese friend Han Ling to teach him Chinese. You should include the details you think necessary. You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not use your own name. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.(10 points) ______________ 上一题 下一题 (1/1)Part B 第48题 Write an essay based on the following graph. In your essay, you should 1)interpret the graph, and 2)give your comments. You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points) 图片 _______________上一题 交卷 交卷 答题卡 答案及解析 (1~20/共20题)Section ⅠUse of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. Aging poses a serious challenge to OECD (Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development) countries, in particular, how to pay for future public pension liabilities. And early retirement places an__1__burden on pension financing. There is no easy solution, but__2__retirement could help. Early retirement may seem like a__3__individual goal, but it is a socially expensive one, and makes the present public pension system difficult to sustain for long. The__4__reason is that more people are retiring early and living longer. That means more retirees depending on the funding of those in work for their__5__, The__6__is worrying. In the next 50 years, low fertility rates and rising life expectancy in OECD countries will cause this old-age dependency rate to roughly double in size. Public pension payments, which__7__30c80 % of total retirement incomes in OECD countries, are__8__to rise, on average, by over three percentage points in GDP and by as much as eight percentage points in some countries. __9__is the pressure on pension funds that there is a danger of today´s workers not getting the pensions they expected or felt they__10__for. Action is needed,__11__simply aiming to reduce the__12__(and cost) of public pensions, or trying to__13__the role of privately funded pensions within the system, though necessary steps, may be__14__to deal with the dependency challenge. After years of __15__early retirement schemes to avoid__16__and higher unemployment, many governments are now looking__17__persuading people to stay in work until they are older.__18__, the thinking goes, if we are healthier now and jobs are physically less__19__and unemployment is down, then perhaps the__20__rate should rise a new. 第1题 A.unbelievable B.unsolvable C.unwanted D.unsustainable 参考答案： D 您的答案： 未作答 答案解析： 本题考查形似词辨析。unbelievable意为“难以置信的”；unsolvable意为“不能解决的”；unwanted意为“不需要的，无用的”；unsustainable意为“不能持续的，无法维持的”。空格所在旬的意思是：提前退休给退休金融资带来了……的负担。重点要理解financing的意思，指“融资；筹措资金”，因此只有D项，放在句中译为“难以为继的负担”，前后一致、对应，为正确答案。 第2题 A.hindering B.delaying C.prolonging D.enforcing 参考答案： B 您的答案： 未作答 答案解析： 本题考查近义词辨析。hindering意为“妨碍，阻碍，阻挡”；delaying意为“耽搁，延迟，推迟”；prolonging意为“延长”；enforcing意为“强制执行或实施；强迫，迫使”。前文提到，提早退休给养老金融资带来了负担，空格前but转折指出，但是……退休却能有所帮助。delay表示时间上的“耽搁，延迟”，即“延迟退休”，为正确答案。 第3题 A.inscrutable B.unpractical C.worthy D.undeserved 参考答案： C 您的答案： 未作答 答案解析： 本题考查上下文语义。inscrutable意为“不可理解的；不能预测的”；unpractical意为“不现实的”；worthy意为“值得的，有价值的”；undeserved意为“不应得的；不值得的”。本句为but连接的并列句，两个分句是从一个角度分析“提早退休”作为个人和社会目标的两种相反的性质，即“对个人是……的，但对社会则是代价高昂的”。前利后弊，因此C选项为正确答案。 第4题 A.controversial B.superficial C.trivial D.essential 参考答案： D 您的答案： 未作答 答案解析： 本题考查形容词词义辨析。controversial意为“有争议的”；superficial意为“肤浅的，粗略的”；trivial意为“不重要的，琐碎的”；essential意为“本质的，基本的”。联系上文，空格所在的句子的意思应是：“更多的人提早退休而寿命又更长”是“当前的公共养老金系统难以持久”的……原因。略读全文可知，下文都在论述这一原因，可见它是很重要的，因此D选项为正确答案。 第5题 A.income B.expense C.nursing D.insurance 参考答案： A 您的答案： 未作答 答案解析： 本题考查上下文语义。空格所在的句子意思是：更多的人退休早而寿命却更长意味着更多的退休人员要依赖着在职者的资金投入来作为他们的……。将四个选项一一代入，因为在职工人也不是直接资助退休人员的“开销”、“护理”或“保险”，显然A选项最符合文意，即“在职人员投入的资金成为退休人员的收入来源”，为正确答案。 第6题 A.outset B.outcome C.outbreak D.outlook 参考答案： D 您的答案： 未作答 答案解析： 本题考查形似词辨析。outset指“开端，开始”；outcome指“结果”；outbreak指“(战争等的)爆发，(疾病等的)发作”；outlook指“前景，可能性”。空格被表语worrying修饰；由下文in the next 50 years...可知接下来是对将来可能发生情况的预测，而本句则是对这种情况的概括：……令人担忧，outlook“前景”符合文意，为正确答案。 第7题 A.invest B.deduct C.afford D.cost 参考答案： C 您的答案： 未作答 答案解析： 本题考查上下文语义。空格所在部分是which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词public pension payments，表示“……全部退休收入30％一80％的公共退休金款项”。从上文我们知道，退休人员依赖在职者的支付而获取养老金，而在职者缴付的即是“公共退休金款项”，他们缴付的这些资金构成了退休人员全部退休收入的30％一80％。因此，只有afford此处表示provide sb.with sth.，符合文意，为正确答案。 第8题 A.authorized B.expected C.intended D.conceived 参考答案： B 您的答案： 未作答 答案解析： 本题考查基础动词的辨异。空格处为句子谓语，实际句子结构是public pension payments are…to rise by over…。将答案一一代入，符合文章要求的只有expect，构成搭配be expected to do，原文意为“公共退休金的支出有望上升”；authorize与intend也可用于be～ed to do的结构，但文中并非表示“(有人)批准或者打算使公共退休金的支出上升”，因此排除；conceive通常与of连用。 第9题 A.Such B.As C.It D.So 参考答案： A 您的答案： 未作答 答案解析： 本题考查倒装结构和习惯搭配。such that…是习惯搭配，意为“如此……以致……”。在这里，空格所在句子是倒装句，such置于句首，起强调作用。原文可以译为：养老基金的压力如此之大以至于现在的工人有得不到他们预期的(或……)养老金的危险。如果用so需加入适当的形容词，如so strong／intense is the pressure…that…。 第10题 A.are paid B.should pay C.would pay D.be paid 参考答案： D 您的答案： 未作答 答案解析： 本题考查虚拟语气的省略结构。首先空格前they指today’s workers(现在的工人)，他们将是被付给退休金的人，所以要用pay的被动语态。其次，felt在这里表示“想，认为”，从句用虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形”，这时should可以省略，所以D选项正确，相当于felt they(should)be paid for。 第11题 A.for B.but C.when D.and 参考答案： B 您的答案： 未作答 答案解析： 本题考查逻辑关系。该句结构比较复杂，空格较多，我们可以从句中的几个关键副词(simply)和连词(though)及定语修饰词(如necessary)、情态动词(may)着手。翻译时，注意这几个词的意思：采取行动是必需的，……仅仅试图减少公共养老金的……或……系统内私有养老金的作用，尽管是这些步骤是必要的，但在应对这种依赖挑战方面仍是……的。从语气上，已经可以判断出为转折关系，B选项为正确答案。 第12题 A.visibility B.credibility C.generosity D.popularity 参考答案： C 您的答案： 未作答 答案解析： 本题考查形似词辨析。visibility指“能见度；可见性，明显性”；credibility指“可信性，可靠性”，generosity指“慷慨，宽大”；popularity指“受欢迎，流行”。上文第二段末句提到“养老基金的压力太大了”，三段首句则提出“需要采取行动”，由此推出后面内容应是围绕如何减小压力展开论述。那么空格处的内容“减少公共养老金的……”应是减小压力的一种方法.显然C选项符合题意，代入指“现在的养老金过于慷慨，需要减少”。 第13题 A.augment B.minimize C.define D.assess 参考答案： A 您的答案： 未作答 答案解析： 本题考查上下文语义。augment指“扩大，增加”；minimize指“使减少到最低限度”；define指“定义，解释”；assess指“评定(性质、质量)；估定(数量、价值)”。空格所在的动名词短语由or连接引出，也就与前面减小养老金压力的方法并列。将答案一一代入，不难确定A选项为正确答案，意为“增加系统内私有养老金的作用”。 第14题 A.inefficient B.insufficient C.indispensable D.inevitable 参考答案： B 您的答案： 未作答 答案解析： 本题考查形似词辨析。inefficient指“效率低的，能力差的”；insufficient指“不充分的，不足的”，indispensable指“必需的，不可或缺的”；inevitable指“不可避免的，必然的”。根据前几题的解析，空格所在句子的意思显然是“但在应对这种依赖挑战方面仍是不够的”，B选项为正确答案。 第15题 A.exploring B.considering C.debating D.advancing 参考答案： D 您的答案： 未作答 答案解析： 本题考查上下文语义。空格所在的部分是after引导的时间状语，说明之前政府的做法；为避免……及高失业，他们……提前退休计划。只有advance表示“推动，推进”代入文中符合逻辑，即：政府之前推行提前退休，导致了如今养老金压力过大的问题，而如今他们正在寻求解决办法。 第16题 A.inflation B.discrepancies C.redundancies D.depression 参考答案： C 您的答案： 未作答 答案解析： 本题考查上下文语义。inflation指“通货膨胀”；discrepancies指“差异，不符合，不一致”；redundancies指“(因劳动力过剩造成的)裁员”；depression指“萧条期，经济褒退”。空格处填入的名词与higher unemployment并列作avoid的宾语，说明“前些年的提前退休方案是为了避免……和高失业率”。redundancies与unemployment属同一范畴，都是提前退休可避免的问题，符合文意，为正确答案。 第17题 A.into B.at C.on D.about 参考答案： B 您的答案： 未作答 答案解析： 本题考查固定短语的辨析。look into指“调查，审查”；look at指“看；(仔细)察看；研究，考虑”；look on指“旁观；把……看作，看待”； look about指“环视，(事先)审时度势”。将选项代入，B选项最合适，意为“前些年为了避免裁员及高失业率，政府采取提前早退休的方案，而现在许多政府正考虑劝说人们晚退休”。 第18题 A.Surely B.Accordingly C.Similarly D.Lately 参考答案： A 您的答案： 未作答 答案解析： 本题考查逻辑关系。上文指出现在政府在想办法劝说人们晚退休，本句对此给出解释，即“(政府的)想法是这样的：如果现在我们更加健康了，工作在生理上没有以前……，失业率也降低了，那么……可能也该重新上升了”。surely可意为“想必……竹做句子副词，用于对自己的话很有把握，希望他人同意，代入文中，表明本句与上文的解说关系，符合文中逻辑。 第19题 A.oppressive B.turbulent C.tiresome D.strenuous 参考答案： D 您的答案： 未作答 答案解析： 本题考查形容词词义辨析。oppressive指“压迫的，压制的；难以忍受的”；turbulent指“(海、气候等)狂暴的；(时代、地区等)动荡不安的”；tiresome指“讨厌的，令人厌烦的”；strenuous指“(工作等)需要极端努力的，费劲的”。根据上题的解析，知道空格所在的句子，前后三个句子成并列结构，是政府构想出来的美好的情况，那么就是“工作没以前那么费力了”，D选项为正确答案。 第20题 A.present B.mortality C.dependency D.fertility 参考答案： A 您的答案： 未作答 答案解析： 本题考查上下文语义。该句意为：他们是这么想的，如果现在我们更加健康了，工作对体力的要求降低了，失业率也降低了，那么……率也许该重新上升了。从备选项看只有present rate“出席率”符合文意，即工作的人的比例会上升。mortality rate指“死亡率”；dependency rate指“依赖率”；fertility rate指“出生率”。 下一题 (21~25/共20题)Section ⅡReading Comprehension Directions : Read the following four terts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B],[C]or [D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. Power and water are interconnected and that has serious consequences for the American West as it grapples with climate change. By now, everyone knows you save energy by turning out lights. And you conserve water by taking shorter showers. But it´s just as true that saving water may be one of the most effective ways to save energy—and vice versa. "It´s a ´buy one, get one free´ deal," said Douglas Kenney, a professor at the University of Colorado Law School and the editor of an upcoming book that explores the nexus of water and energy. In California today, just delivering water accounts for 20 percent of the state´s energy consumption. It takes power to gather water, purify water, and distribute water, especially in places like southern California where water is piped hundreds of miles to supply Los Angeles´ sprawling demands. Nationally, energy production sucks more water from freshwater sources than any other sector except agriculture. It takes water to create the power we use to drive our cars, transport our groceries, and run our toaster ovens. Virtually every source of electricity in a typical American home or manufacturing plant—whether it comes from hydroelectricity, coal, natural gas, nuclear, biofuels, or even concentrated solar—also requires water. Lots of water. That´s a growing problem, because in many places, finding water for energy isn´t easy— and it´s bound to get tougher as energy demands soar and climate change alters hydrological cycles in already arid regions. The energy sector is the fastest-growing water consumer in the United States, according to a January 2011 Congressional Research Service report. Nationally, that´s a challenge, but regionally it could be a calamity. As the Congressional Research report notes, "much of the growth in the energy sector´s water demand is concentrated in regions with already intense competition over water." The connection between energy and water—and the precariousness of that link in the western United States—is exemplified in a gigantic plug of concrete stopping the muddy Colorado River above Las Vegas, otherwise known as Hoover Dam. At the ceremony inaugurating the Hoover Dam provided the two key ingredients—water and power—that freed the Southwest and southern California to go on a 75-year growth spurt. Lake Mead now supplies water to more than 22 million people, and it produces more than four billion kilowatts of electricity per year. The Colorado River, lifeblood of seven western states, is already as overdrawn as the federal treasury. Drought conditions during most of the 21st century have forced water managers to plan for a day when the region´ s vast system of dams and reservoirs no longer have enough water to store. Already, utilities have to scramble to respond on days when everybody in Phoenix, Las Vegas and Los Angeles wants to crank their air conditioners during the same heat wave. 第21题 What does "vice versa" (Line 3, Para. 1) refer to? A.Saving water and saving energy could happen meanwhile. B.Wasting water may be one of the fastest ways to waste energy. C.Saving water may be one of the most effective ways to save energy. D.Saving energy may be one of the most effective ways to save water. 参考答案： B 您的答案： 未作答 答案解析： 此题为词语理解题。根据题干定位答案位置，vice versa的意思是“反之亦然”，因此它的理解应是“相反地，浪费水是最快的浪费能源方式之一”。故B选项为正确答案。 第22题 Which of the following statement is TRUE? A.Energy production sucks water mostly. B.We fuel our cars and run our toaster ovens with water. C.Almost every source of electricity in home or factory requires water. D.Coal, natural gas, nuclear, biofuels require water, however solar does not. 参考答案： C 您的答案： 未作答 答案解析： 此题为细节分析题。根据选项来定位答案位置。第三段末句指出：事实上，在一家普通的美国家庭中或者生产厂中几乎每一种电力资源——无论是来自水电、煤炭、天然气、核能、生物燃料或者是太阳能——都需要水。因此，C选项为正确答案。 第23题 It can be inferred from the passage that the Congressional Research Service report considers the U. S. energy sector______. A.efficient B.praiseworthy C.insignificant D.spiny 参考答案： D 您的答案： 未作答 答案解析： 此题为细节推断题。根据题干信息the Congressional Research Service report定位至第四段，该段第二、三句指出：根据该报告，在美国，能源部门成为水资源使用增长最快的消费者。这中情况在全国范围内是一个挑战(challenge)，但是在一些地区，它有可能成为一种灾难(calamity)。第四句，该报告还指出：“能源部门的需水增长点大多都集中在本已水资源竞争激烈的区域。”由此可以推断出，spiny“棘手的”应是本题的正确答案。 第24题 Which of the following can substitute for "overdrawn" (Line 1, Para. 6)? A.Deficient. B.Abundant. C.Significant. D.Prompt. 参考答案： A 您的答案： 未作答 答案解析： 此题为词语理解题。该词所在句子意思是：科罗拉多河是美国西部七个州的生命源泉，已经像联邦财政部一样……。从第二句“河水枯竭迫使迫使水资源管理者们去做出相应规划，以防有一天——当区域里大量的水坝和水库不再有足够的储水量”可以了解到科罗拉多河应该是有河水枯竭的问题，是对第一句话的解释。因此，四个选项中，可以确定deficient“缺乏的”为正确答案。 第25题 The most appropriate title for this passage could be______. A.Electricity Needs Water B.Save the Colorado River C.How to Save Water D.Saving Energy and Conserving Water 参考答案： D 您的答案： 未作答 答案解析： 此题为主旨大意题。纵观全文，文章第一段引出话题一一水与能源关系密切；第二段指出水输送能源消耗大，特别是在人口密集的大城市；第三段说明几乎每种能源都需要大量的水：第四段指出水资源问题严重；第五段提到水坝带来水和能量；第六段举例科罗拉多河，水将要透支。综上，可知D选项为正确答案。 上一题 下一题 (26~30/共20题)Section ⅡReading Comprehension Directions : Read the following four terts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B],[C]or [D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. Ever since Muzak started serenading patrons of hotels and restaurants in the 1930s, piped-in music has been part of the consumer experience. Without the throb of a synthesiser or a guitar´s twang, shoppers would sense something missing as they tried on jeans or filled up trolleys. Specialists like Mood Media, which bought Muzak in 2011, devise audio programmes to influence the feel of shops and cater to customers´ tastes. The idea is to entertain, and thereby prolong the time shoppers spend in stores, says Claude Nahon, the firm´s international chief. Music by famous artists works better than the generic stuff that people associate with Muzak. The embarrassing brand name was dropped in 2013. Online shopping is an under-explored area of merchandising musicology. A new study commissioned by eBay, a shopping website, aims to correct that. Some 1,900 participants were asked to simulate online shopping while listening to different sounds. Some results were unsurprising. The noise of roadworks and crying babies soured shoppers´ views of the products on offer. Chirruping birds encouraged sales of barbecues but not blenders or board games. Sounds associated with quality and luxury seemed to be hazardous for shoppers´ wallets. The study found classical music and restaurant buzz caused them to overestimate the quality of goods on offer and to pay more than they should. That backs up earlier research which found that shoppers exposed to classical music in a wine store bought more expensive bottles than those hearing pop. EBay wants consumers to avoid such unhealthy influences when shopping online. It has blended birdsong, dreamy music and the sound of a rolling train—thought to be pleasant but not overly seductive—to help them buy more sensibly. Retailers could presumably counter by turning up the Chopin. "Classical music does seem to be the way to go" if your only interest is the narrow one of squeezing as much money as possible from your clientele, says the study´s author, Patrick Fagan, a lecturer at Goldsmiths, part of the University of London. Few traditional shops are likely to use that tactic. H&M, a clothes retailer, airs "trendy, up-tempo" music from new artists, while Nespresso´s coffee boutiques go for "lounge-y" sounds, says Mr. Nahon. Grocery stores, with a broad following, play top 40 hits. The tempo tends to be slower in the mornings, when shoppers are sparser and older, and becomes more quick and lively as the day goes on. 第26题 The brand name Muzak was dropped in 2013 because it______. A.was outdated B.was bought by Mood Media in 2011 C.was often associated with generic music D.entertained customers better 参考答案： C 您的答案： 未作答 答案解析： 细节题。根据题干定位到第一段。最后两句话表明：人们总是把乏味的普通音乐与 Muzak联想在一起，但著名艺术家的音乐能更好地刺激消费。因此Muzak这个尴尬的 品牌名称在2013年被弃用。可见C项“人们经常把它与乏味的普通音乐联想在一起”为 正确答案。A项“(它)过时了”，B项“(它)在2011年被Mood Media收购”，D项“(它)能 更好地愉悦消费者”，均与题意不符。 第27题 The sound of______may increase sales of board games. A.roadworks B.crying babies C.chirruping birds D.classic music 参考答案： D 您的答案： 未作答 答案解析： 细节题。根据题干定位到第二段。此题可用排除法。原文The noise of roadworks and crying babies soured shoppers’views of the products on offer.可以排除A项“道路施工的 噪音”、B项“婴儿的哭声”。根据Chirruping birds encouraged sales of barbecues but not blenders or board games排除C项“鸟的叽喳声”。因此只能选择D项。从全文来看，古典 音乐确能提升商品销售额。 第28题 The word "hazardous"(Para. 3)probably means______. A.safe B.dangerous C.helpful D.lucky 参考答案： B 您的答案： 未作答 答案解析： 含义题。根据题干定位到第三段。生词的含义要联系上下文理解。下文提到pay more than they should以及shoppers exposed to classical music in a wine store bought more expensive bottles than those heating pop，都是使顾客多掏钱或者买更贵的商品，因此可以 推断与品质和奢华相联系的声音对顾客的钱包是有“不良”影响的，只有B项“危险的” 是指不好的影响，因此为正确答案。 第29题 The sound which helps customers buy more sensibly______. A.belongs to classical music B.includes the sound of a rolling train C.sounds noisy and unpleasant D.is overly seductive 参考答案： B 您的答案： 未作答 答案解析： 细节题。根据题干定位到第四段。本段首句中的such unhealthy influences与上一 段联系紧密，表示要避免这种不良影响，因此下文指出有一种音乐可以使顾客保持理智 的同时又多购物：It has blended birdsong，dreamy music and the sound of a rolling train— thought to be pleasant but not overly seductive--to help them buy more sensibly.因此B项 正确，排除C、D两项。下文继续提到零售商的做法turning up the Chopin…Classical music，可见著名艺术家演奏的才是古典音乐，排除A项。 第30题 It can be inferred that a fashion shop should play______to attract customers. A.trendy and up-tempo music B.lounge-y music C.slow and tender music D.quick and lively music 参考答案： A 您的答案： 未作答 答案解析： 推断题。根据题干定位到最后一段。本段讲不同的传统商店如何播放不同的背景 音乐来吸引顾客。根据原文的H&M，a clothes retailer，airs“trendy，up-tempo”music from new artists可以推断出a fashion shop(时装店)应该也播放快节奏的新潮音乐，因此 A项为正确答案。B项“lounge-y”music是像咖啡店之类消磨时光的店铺播放的，C、D 两项的音乐则是杂货店在早上和之后的时间段里播放的。 上一题 下一题 (31~35/共20题)Section ⅡReading Comprehension Directions : Read the following four terts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B],[C]or [D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. Not too many decades ago it seemed "obvious" both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people´ s natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the "obvious" is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else. Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than are big-city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different stifle of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers. These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers. Moreover, there may be a link between a community´s population size and its social heterogeneity. For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc. Large-city urbanites are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size. 第31题 Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the first paragraph? A.Two contrasting views are presented. B.An argument is examined and possible solutions given. C.Research results concerning the quality of urban life are presented in order of time. D.A detailed description of the difference between urban and small-town life is given. 参考答案： A 您的答案： 未作答 答案解析： 结构题。本题考查了第一段的结构，也就是写作手法。这种题型很少出现，但根据 阅读的基本常识，尤其是第一段中间的however提示，我们可以非常清楚地知道这一段 的结构就是两种不同观点的对比。However经常用来引出的是作者的观点，而且一般是 新的观点和文章的主题，故答案为A项。 第32题 According to the passage, it was once a common belief that urban residents_____. A.did not have the same interests as their neighbors B.could not develop long-standing relationships C.tended to be associated with bad behavior D.usually had more friends 参考答案： B 您的答案： 未作答 答案解析： 细节题。关键词是common belief、urban residents，这道题目考查的是however之前的内容，即旧的观点。答案带有本文关键词：relationships。B项“城市居民不能够形成持久、深入的关系”，属于正话反说，但与原文意思一致，故B项为正确答案。 第33题 One of the consequences of urban life is that impersonal relationships among neighbors_____. A.disrupt people´ s natural relations B.make them worry about crime C.cause them not to show concern for one another D.cause them to the suspicious of each other 参考答案： C 您的答案： 未作答 答案解析： 细节题。关键词是consequences、impersonal relationships among neighbors(邻居 之间没有感情的关系)，根据原文第三段第二句：如果邻居们互相都不认识，那么他们 就不太可能为居住在隔壁的老夫妇打扫人行道，或者注意小淘气鬼们。该句的条件关 系是一个重要的考点，经常转化成考查因果关系。因此C项正确答案。A项的错误在于 并不是邻居之间的冷漠破坏了人们之间的自然关系，两者间不存在因果关系；同样，邻 居关系的疏远也不是他们担心犯罪的原因，也没有造成邻里之间互相猜疑，故选项B、D 也不对。 第34题 It can be inferred from the passage that the bigger a community is_____. A.the better its quality of life B.the more similar its interests C.the more tolerant and open-minded it is D.the likelier it is to display psychological symptoms of stress 参考答案： C 您的答案： 未作答 答案解析： 推断题。根据题干中的关键词the bigger a community is可确定它与第三段有关 系。第三段的观点句与题干有关的有两句。一句在中间，由Moreover引出：一个社区的 人口和它的社会多样性之间可能有联系；另外是最后一句(seem to be)多样化和与众不 同的行为看起来是人口规模大所带来的后果。作者还举例说明：大城市居民与和他们地 位相似的小城镇居民相比，大城市居民们更可能有见多识广的见解，对传统的亲戚关系 的作用也表现出较少的责任感，更可能选举左翼的政治候选人，更可能容忍非传统的宗 教团体，不受欢迎的政治团体和所谓的不受欢迎的人。从各方面考虑，多样化和异常行 为看来是大的人口规模带来的后果。综上所述，C项“更加容忍、思想开明”，是对这些句 子的最好概括，故C项为正确答案。 第35题 What is the passage mainly about? A.Similarities in the interpersonal relationships between urbanites and small town dwellers. B.Advantages of living in big cities as compared with living in small towns C.The positive role that urbanism plays in modern life. D.The strong feeling of alienation of city inhabitants. 参考答案： A 您的答案： 未作答 答案解析： 主旨题。通过语篇分析和本文的主题关键词——人际关系的比较，我们可以确定 答案为A项“城市居民和小城镇居民之间人际关系方面的类似之处”。 上一题 下一题 (36~40/共20题)Section ⅡReading Comprehension Directions : Read the following four terts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B],[C]or [D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. How best to solve the pollution problems of a city sunk so deep within sulfurous clouds that it was described as hell on earth? Simply answered: Relocate all urban smoke-creating industry and encircle the metropolis of London with sweetly scented flowers and elegant hedges. In fact, as Christine L. Corton, a Cambridge scholar, reveals in her new book, London Fog, this fragrant anti-smoke scheme was the brainchild of John Evelyn, the 17th-century diarist. King Charles II was said to be much pleased with Evelyn´ s idea, and a bill against the smoky nuisance was duly drafted. Then nothing was done. Nobody at the time, and nobody right up to the middle of the 20th century, was willing to put public health above business interests. And yet it´s a surprise to discover how beloved a feature of London life these multicolored fogs became. A painter, Claude Monet, fleeing besieged Paris in 1870, fell in love with London´s vaporous, mutating clouds. He looked upon the familiar mist as his reliable collaborator. Visitors from abroad may have delighted in the fog, but homegrown artists lit candles and vainly scrubbed the grime from their gloom-filled studio windows. "Give us light!" Frederic Leighton pleaded to the guests at a Lord Mayor´ s banquet in 1882, begging them to have pity on the poor painter. The more serious side of Corton´ s book documents how business has taken precedence over humanity where London´ s history of pollution is concerned. A prevailing westerly wind meant that those dwelling to the east were always at most risk. Those who could afford it lived elsewhere. The east was abandoned to the underclass. Lord Palmerston spoke up for choking East Enders in the 1850s, pointing a finger at the interests of the furnace owners. A bill was passed, but there was little change. Eventually, another connection was established: between London´ s perpetual veil of smog and its citizens´ cozily smoldering grates. Sadly, popular World War I songs like "Keep the Home Fires Burning" didn´t do much to encourage the adoption of smokeless fuel. It wasn ´t until what came to be known as the "Great Killer Fog" of 1952 that the casualty rate became impossible to ignore and the British press finally took up the cause. It was left to a Member of Parliament to steer the Clean Air Act into law in 1956. Within a few years, even as the war against pollution was still in its infancy, the dreaded fog began to fade. Corton´s book combines meticulous social history with a wealth of eccentric detail. Thus we learn that London´s ubiquitous plane trees were chosen for their shiny, fog-resistant foliage. It´s discoveries like these that make reading London Fog such an unusual and enlightening experience. 第36题 Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 2? A.The fragrant anti-smoke scheme was inspired by John Evelyn´ s child. B.King Charles II was not actually satisfied with Evelyn´ s idea. C.The process of drafting the bill against the smoky nuisance was slow. D.It wasn´ t until the middle of the 20th century that someone willingly put public health above commercial interests. 参考答案： D 您的答案： 未作答 答案解析： 推断题。根据题干关键词定位到第二段。根据该段最后一句Nobody at the time， and nobody right up to the middle of the 20th century，was willing to put public health above business interests.可知，20世纪中叶之前，没有人愿意把公共健康置于商业利益之上。由 此可推断出D项“直到20世纪中叶才有人愿意把公共健康置于商业利益之上”为正确 答案，D项运用了强调句和not until，反向推断可能发生的现象。A项“芬芳抗烟方案的 灵感来自约翰.伊夫林的孩子，原文只是说“芬芳抗烟方案是17世纪日记作家约翰.伊夫 林的想法”，所以A项错误。B项“查理二世国王其实不满意伊夫林这个点子”与原文的 much pleased with相反。C项“拟定抗烟雾公害法案的过程比较慢”与原文的duly“按时 地；适当地”不符。 第37题 The word "grime"(Para. 3)is closest in meaning to______. A.fog B.dirt C.frost D.paint 参考答案： B 您的答案： 未作答 答案解析： 含义题。根据题干关键词定位到第三段。该段第二句提到London’s vaporous， mutating clouds“伦敦蒸汽缭绕、如同变异的雾霭”，再结合第一段的sulfurous clouds“硫 磺雾霾”和urban smoke-creating industry“城市里所有制造浓烟的工业”可知，在画室窗 上的是煤尘污垢。故B项“污垢；灰尘”为正确答案。A项“雾”、C项“霜”和D项“颜料， 涂料：绘画作品”均不符合题意，故排除。 第38题 Which of the following would be most heavily affected by London´ s pollution according to Corton´ s book? A.rich dwellers in the east. B.the underclass in the west. C.East London´ s slum dwellers. D.servants of furnace owners. 参考答案： C 您的答案： 未作答 答案解析： 推断题。根据题干关键词定位到第四段。根据该段第二句A prevailing westerly wind meant that those dwelling to the east were always at most risk可知，由于风向，住在东 边的人受污染的影响更大。所以排除B项。再结合第三句Those who could afford it lived elsewhere可知有钱人会搬家，故A项不符合。因此C项“东伦敦的贫民区居民们”为污 染影响最严重的群体，为正确答案。D项“大熔炉主人们的佣人”原文没有提及。 第39题 The author mainly shows in the last but one paragraph that______. A.Great Killer Fog led to huge mortality B.The British press was also playing a big role C.It was a long way for Clean Air Act to be passed D.reducing the air pollution worked though it was in the primary stage 参考答案： D 您的答案： 未作答 答案解析： 细节题。根据题干关键词定位到倒数第二段。该段前两句指出两个为治理雾霾而 努力的具体事件，第三句做总结，指出“短短几年之内，虽然反对污染的战斗还处于初级 阶段，但可怕的浓雾已经开始退去”。故D项“尽管处于初期，但减少空气污染奏效了”为 正确答案。A项“‘杀人大雾’导致巨大的死亡”和C项“通过《空气清洁法案》曾是一个漫 长的过程”只是表层示例。B项“英国媒体也发挥了重要作用”并不是作者主要想表达的 内容。 第40题 There were plane trees everywhere in London because they_____. A.could resist fog and haze B.were related to social history C.contained a wealth of eccentric detail D.were shiny and beautified the environment 参考答案： A 您的答案： 未作答 答案解析： 细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第六段。该段第二句指出“我们从中读到，伦敦之 所以到处都有法国梧桐，主要是因为它们闪闪发亮的叶片能够抵御雾霾”，故A项“能够 抵御雾霾”为正确答案，其中原文的for表明前后是因果关系，且原因在后。B项“与社会 历史有关”、C项“包含丰富的古怪轶闻”和D项“闪闪发亮并能美化环境”均不是题干的 原因，故排除。 上一题 下一题 (41~45/共5题)Part B Directions : Read the following tert and decide whether each of the statements is true or false. Choose T if the state ment is true or F if the statement is not true. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. [A]Monitor your alcohol use [B]Pay attention to table manners [C]Don´ t be a gossip [D]Network with higher-ups [E]Keep the conversation light [F]Dress appropriately [G]Make new friends For young workers, holiday parties can be a wonderful opportunity to celebrate a successful year gone by, catch up with colleagues and hobnob with senior executives to try to get ahead. But a host of challenges confront young employees—from figuring out whom to bring to walking the fine line between being friendly and being flirty. Some do´ s and don ´ts when it comes to these events: __41__ If you´ re new to the company, talk to co-workers who have attended previous office functions to get a sense of what you should wear. Dress conservatively, not "like you´re going to a club in Vegas, "says Tom Gimbel, CEO of staffing firm LaSalle Network in Chicago. But, he adds, don´t take it "to the point where(you´re)wearing a suit where everybody else is wearing jeans." __42__ Steer clear of talking about those layoffs or pay freezes that have hit morale, experts advise. "Try to keep the conversation upbeat," says Barbara Pachter, president of Pachter & Associates, a business-etiquette and communications firm in Cherry Hill, N.J. "If you´re merging, that could be an exciting thing,(or if)you´re adding new product lines, that could be an exciting thing" to talk about. __43__ While it´ s fun to indulge in rumors about colleagues, you don´ t want to be known as the person who´ s always spreading juicy gossip. "You want to be known for your work ethic, you want to be known for the work product that you put out, and at a holiday party, you don´t want to be the one telling everybody who´ s making out with whom and who´ s fighting with whom," says Mr. Gimbel. Instead, he encourages people to stick to safe topics like sports, entertainment and what´ s going on in the world. __44__ Even if you´re intimidated by the clique of VPs huddling in their own circle, don´t pass up the opportunity to meet these people, who could be interviewing you when you´ re up for your next promotion. Look for an opening to chime in on a topic that you know about. If they don´t already know you, introduce yourself and say how long you´ve been with the company and what you do. Afterward, if you feel like you connected with someone senior, send them a follow-up email saying it was nice to meet them, says Ms. Pachter. "What have you got to lose?" __45__ Holiday parties are one of the few workplace events where imbibing is allowed and even encouraged to get people relaxed. However, just because alcohol is free-flowing at the bar doesn´t mean you should take that as a license to reprise your college frat parties. "Most people head toward the bar and the buffet when they get to a holiday party, and if they drink on an empty stomach they tend to get inebriated and then they could say the wrong thing or do the wrong thing," says Ms. Whitmore. "No. 1 rule is: Don´t drink too much, monitor your alcohol intake. Usually, one or two drinks is plenty." 第41题 参考答案： F 详细解答： 通读全段，不难发现本段的主题是“作为新人，初次参加公司的节日盛会，在着装方面应注意什么”。其中Dress conservatively，not“like you’re going to a club in Vegas”和But,he adds,don’t take it“to the point where(you’re)wearing a suit where everybody else is wearing jeans.”更是直接点题。因此F项“着装要得体”符合题意，为正确答案。 第42题 参考答案： E 详细解答： 全段由两句话构成，均是Barbara Pachter给出的建议。本段首句的steer clear of意为“避免，绕开”，全句意为“专家建议要避免谈论类似解雇、工资冻结这种煞风景的话题”。故本段的中心思想为在公司节日聚会上，我们应该谈论些轻松愉快的话题，避免一些敏感和负面的话题。故E项“聊天内容要轻松”符合题意，为正确答案。 第43题 参考答案： C 详细解答： 通读全段，不难发现：本段主要讲述了Mr.Gimbel先生的建议。即本段第一句While it’s fun to indulge in rumors about colleagues，you don’t want to be known as the person who’s always spreading juicy gossip.“聊同事们的八卦也许的确很有意思，但你不能给人留下喜欢到处传闲话的印象”。故C项“同事八卦要避免”符合题意，为正确答案。 第44题 参考答案： D 详细解答： 本题所在之处含有两段，根据第一段中的don’t pass up the opportunity to meet these people,who could be interviewing you when you’re up for your next promotion.(不要错过与这些人面对面的机会，因为说不定你下一次晋升时他们就会坐在面试官的位置上)和第二段中的Afterward，if you feel like you connected with someone senior，send them a follow-up email saying it was nice to meet them(之后如果你感觉自己和高管们已建立起联系，记得发一封电子邮件向他们表达结识的荣幸)，可知D项“高层友谊要建立”，符合题意，为正确答案。 第45题 参考答案： A 详细解答： 本题所在之处含有两段，根据第一段中的However，just because alcohol is free-flowing at the bar doesn’t mean you should take that as a license to reprise your college frat parties(然而吧台提供可畅饮的酒水并不意味着你可以像在大学联谊会里那样醉醺醺)和第二段最后一句“No.1 rule is：Don’t drink too much，monitor your alcohol intake.Usually，one or two drinks is plenty.”(首要原则是，不要喝太多，控制你的酒精摄入量。通常小酌一两杯足矣。)可知A项“不要过度饮酒”符合题意，为正确答案。 上一题 下一题 (1/1)Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) 第46题 Hallowell argues in his new book, Driven to Distraction at Work: How to Focus and Be More Productive, that when you feel real or imagined concerns piling on, share them with a friend, and there´s a better chance that aimless anxiety will change into problem-solving. He believes that worrying alone is one of the major reasons that people can´t focus, both at work and elsewhere in their lives. Worrying alone does not have to be toxic, but it tends to become toxic because in isolation we lose perspective. We tend to globalize, catastrophize, when no one is there to act as a reality check. Our imaginations run wild. Indeed, Samuel Johnson, a severe worrier himself, called worry a "disease of the imagination". When we worry alone we risk losing touch with reality, becoming paralyzed in worry, making bad decisions, and even getting sick, as toxic worry depresses immune function. ___________ 参考答案： 哈洛威尔在他的新书《工作中被逼得心烦意乱：如何保持专注从而更有成效》指出：当你感到烦恼越积越多，无论烦恼是真的还是想象的，你都应同朋友说说，由此使漫无目的的焦虑有更好得到化解的机会。他认为人们不能集中注意力的一大原因是在工作或生活的其他方面独自烦恼。 独自担忧本身并无害，但它往往会变得有害，因为我们在孤立中失去了判断力。当没有人在现实中扮演检查角色时，我们会变得小题大做。我们的想象力脱了缰。 事实上，塞缪尔.约翰逊——一个重度担忧患者，称担忧为“想象力的疾病”。当我们独自担忧时，我们可能会与现实失去联系，在担忧中变得焦头烂额，做糟糕的决定，甚至生病，让有害的担忧压垮了免疫功能。 详细解答： (1)when you feel real or imagined concerns piling on直译为“当你感到真的或想象的烦恼越积越多”，应该根据汉语习惯调整为“当你感到烦恼越积越多，无论烦恼是真的还是想象的”，以使译文更流畅。 (2)and there’s a better chance that…中，and表示结果，此处需要把因果关系译出来，使得译文逻辑分明。 (3)globalize意为“(使)全球化”，catastrophe意为“灾难”，可以猜测catastrophize是“(使)灾难化，把小问题当作大灾祸”之意，结合上下文可知这两个词表现的都是“小题大做”的意思.因此可以意译处理。 (4)run wild有“放肆，撒野；恣意妄为；无法无天”诸多含义，这里形容想象力，译为“脱缰”既贴切又是地道的汉语表达。 (5)paralyzed意为“麻痹的，瘫痪的”，paralyzed in worry可灵活译为“在担忧中变得焦头烂额”。 上一题 下一题 (1/1)Section Writing Part A 第47题 Write a letter of about 100 words to your American friend Jam, recommending your Chinese friend Han Ling to teach him Chinese. You should include the details you think necessary. You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not use your own name. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.(10 points) ______________ 参考答案： Dear Jam, I´m writing to recommend my friend Han Ling to teach you Chinese as a second language. She is an outstanding candidate and deserves my highest recommendation. She has been certified to teach Chinese as a foreign language. As a hard-working and dependable woman, she gets along well with others and will be your enthusiastic and pleasant friend. If she should be given the opportunity to teach you, I am confident she will do the work well and meet what is expected of her. I would be most grateful if you could consider my recommendation and offer her the opportunity. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 详细解答： 本题要求写一封推荐信。推荐信是一个人为推荐另一个人得到某个机会或者某个职位而写的信。写作需要注意以下三点。1.开门见山说明写信目的：推荐谁及与被推荐人之间的关系。2.描述推荐的理由以及被推荐人的主要特点。3.希望优先考虑等。要注意多写优点，充分肯定成绩。篇幅不宜过长，也不能三言两语。 上一题 下一题 (1/1)Part B 第48题 Write an essay based on the following graph. In your essay, you should 1)interpret the graph, and 2)give your comments. You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points) 图片 _______________参考答案： As is showed above the chart, the graph records the number of overseas students coming back to China from 2001 to 2015. This number has witnessed some changes during the 15 years. Especially, the volume of returned students from 2009 to 2013 has experienced the most dramatic change, jumping from 110,000 to 350,000. There are many reasons contributing to this trend. In my opinion, the following two are on the top of list. To begin with, along with the rapid development of China´s economy and culture, the returned students can embrace a brighter future in China compared with in foreign countries. In addition, there is the other point that no one can ignore. It is universally admitted that the financial crisis in 2008 had a huge impact on the foreign market, while the domestic market has less been affected, so more and more graduates has returned to seek for opportunities. When all the factors are examined, we may safely come to the conclusion that the current situation will sustain in the forthcoming years. 详细解答： 本题的图表为2001～2015年中国留学生回国人数曲线图。考生首先要描述图表，说明2001～2015年中国留学生回国人数渐增的趋势，尤其是2009～2015年增长趋势明显。其次分析出现这种变化的原因，可以从多角度阐述。最后总结全文。 上一题 成绩单 答题卡 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/52ae26257fd184254b35eefdc8d376eeaeaa17b5.html