语法知识 一．可数名词变复数的规则 1. 一般情况，直接在名词后面加“s‖. 如: bed – beds cat—cats 2. 以 ― s, x, sh, ch‖ 结尾,在后面加 ― es ‖. 如: bus—buses box—boxes glass—glasses 3. 以辅音字母+y 结尾的名词, 改y变i再加es. 如: baby—babies study—studies lady—ladies 4. 特殊情况，不规则：①复数不变：sheep—sheep fish—fish goldfish—goldfish ②不规则：goose—geese mouse—mice child—children shelf—shelves tooth—teeth man—men woman—women ◆不可数名词（不加s） hair---头发 juice---果汁 tissue---纸巾 chalk---粉笔 water---水 二．―是‖动词有三个：am are is 第一人称单数：I — am 第二人称单数：you — are 第三人称单数：he, she, it — is 全部复数都用：are 注意不可数名词：Is there any tissue on the table ? Is there any orange juice in the glass? 三.some 和any some 和any 的主要区别为：some和any都表示 “一些” ，但是“some”用于肯定句 ，any用于否定句（not；n’t）和疑问句（？）。例如： There are some apples in the fridge.变成否定句： There are not any apples in the fridge.变成疑问句： Are there any apples in the fridge? 四. （拥―有‖）has 和have have 的基本意思相当于汉语的“拥有”。例如：I have a book. have 一般用在主语是 I, you, we, they 等人称代词，以及事物名称是复数形式的时候（the boys\the girls \the children \the men \Mike and Jack ....。例如： 1、我/我们/他们 有一些笔记本。 I / We / They have some notebooks.(人称代词) 2、 孩子们有一个球。The children have a ball.(人称复数) 3、桌子都有四条腿。The two desks have eight legs.(事物名称复数) 如果是第三人称单数及其它名词单数时，have 要变化成 has. 1、他有两个蛋糕。He has two cakes.(第三人称单数) 2、Jane有几本图画书。 Jane has some picture-books.(Jane一个人，单数) 3、我们的教室有三扇窗子。 Our classroom has three windows.(指一间教室，单数) 问“你、他们、….‖有什么….? Do you have any pencils? Yes, I do.\No, I don’t. 五、问你来自哪里？ Where are you from? 回答： 有from 用国家名：I am from China. 无from 用国籍：I am Chinese. 问…在哪里？ 单数：Where is …? It’s on/in/under… 复数：Where are….? They’re on/in/under… 六、人称代词： I (我) my（我的） I am a teacher. / My English teacher is Mr. Zhang. we（我们） our (我们的) We are your teachers./Our English teacher is Mr. Zhang. you ( 你 ) your (你的) You are a tall boy. / Your bag is big and beautiful. you ( 你们) your (你们的) You are my good friends./Your English teacher is tall. he ( 他) his ( 他的 ) He is my father. / His hair is short. she ( 她) her ( 她的) She is my mother. / Her hair is long. it ( 它 ) its ( 它的) It is a tall building./Its mouth is big. they ( 他们 ) their ( 他们的；她们的；它们的) They are my father and mother./ Their English names are Ben and Janet. 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/533270a65a8102d276a22fec.html