初中各种英语变化规则
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一 英语名词单数变复数主要有以下规则: 1、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式,是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。 读音变化:结尾是清辅音读[s],结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。 例:friend→friends; cat→cats; style→styles; sport→sports; piece→pieces 2、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词,在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。读音变化:统一加读[iz]。 例:bus→buses; quiz→quizzes; fox→foxes; match→matches; flash→flashes box →boxes; watch →watches; actress →actresses; class →classes; coach(长途车) →coaches; dress →dresses; sandwich →sandwiches; toothbrush →toothbrushes; waitress(女侍者) →waitresses 3、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,将y改变为i,再加-es。 读音变化:加读[z]。 例:candy→candies; daisy(雏菊)→daisies; fairy→fairies; lady→ladies; story→stories strawberry →strawberries; baby →babies; puppy →puppies; library →libraries; dictionary →dictionaries; cherry →cherries; activity →activities 4、以-o结尾的名词,如果不是外来词或缩写,就加-es,否则加-s构成复数。 (有生命的加es,无生命的加s) 读音变化:加读[z]。 例:tomato→tomatoes; potato→potatoes; 5、以-f或-fe结尾的名词,多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves,但有例外。 读音变化:尾音[f]改读[vz]。 例:knife→knives; life→lives; leaf→leaves; staff(员工)→staves; scarf(围巾)→scarves 6、集合名词单复数变化 有些名词为单数形式,但做整体概念来看待,称为集合名词或集体名词,如:people police cattle,其谓语动词一般用复数。有些名词为单数形式,做整体概念来看待时,谓语动词用单数。强调整体中具体人或事物时,谓语动词用复数。如:class, family, audience, committee, army.【例句】 1) The class are doing experiments on heat and light in the lab. 2) A large class is like a big banquet, which requires a teacher to make full pr eparation and have good performance. 集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。例如: people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle, the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用,如The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。 二 动词第三人称单数变化规则: 1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:play-plays, walk-walks 2.以s, x, ch, sh及部分o结尾,加-es,如:pass-passes,fix—fixes, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes,do-does 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,去y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies fly—flies 练习: 写出下列动词的三单数形式 1. work_______2. watch_________3. clean________ 4. write_______ 5. teach_______6. wash__________7. have_______8.read________ 9. go__________ 10. do__________11. fly________ 12. study_______ 13.She ---------- (watch) TV. I ---------- (watch) TV. 三 规则动词过去式的变化规则 1)一般在动词词尾加ed。 work—worked,rain—rained,watch—watched 2)如果动词以字母e结尾,变过去式时直接在词尾加d。 love—loved,live—lived,change—changed 3)如果动词是以一个元音字母加上一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节单词,变过去式时,要双写这个辅音字母,再加ed。 stop—stopped,plan—planned,drop—dropped 4)如果动词是以辅音字母加y结尾,变过去式时要变y为i再加ed。 study—studied,carry—carried,try—tried 四 动词变现在分词规则 1 一般情况下,直接加ing 1. go-going 去 2. stand-standing 站 3. sleep-sleeping 睡觉 4. eat-eating 吃 5. sing-singing 唱 6. drink-drinking 喝 2 以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing 1. come–coming 来 2. dance-dancing 跳舞 3. close-closing 关 4. make–making 制造 5. ride–riding 骑 6. write-writing 写 3 双写加-ing : 重读闭音节就要双写.重读闭音节即两个辅音中间夹一个元音 重读闭音节三要素 1. 必须是重读音节;2. 最后只有一个辅音字母;3. 元音字母发短元音 判断是不是重读闭音节双写,不仅仅要看单词的字母组合符合辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾, 还要看音标是不是符合辅音+ 元音+辅音结尾 只有都符合才可以双写 buy 的音标[bai] 不符合 beat不符合 例如: 1. sit- sitting 做 2. hop - hopping 单脚跳 3. swim- swimming 游泳 4. run - running 跑 5. cut – cutting 切 6. put – putting 放 4 以-ie结尾的动词,把变成y再加-ing lie ----- lying tie ----- tying die ----- dying 5 现在进行时专项练习: 一、写出下列动词的现在分词: play________ run__________ swim _________make__________ go_________ like________ write________ ski___________ read________ have_________ sing ________ dance_________ put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________ live_______ take_________ come ________ get_________ stop________ sit ________ begin________ shop___________ 二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空: 1.The boy __________________ ( draw) a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing) in the classroom . 3. My mother _________________ ( cook ) some nice food now. 4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now? 5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson . 6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now. 7.Look! the girls ________________(dance ) in the classroom . 8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music. 9. It’s 5 o’clock now. We _____________(have) supper now 10.______Helen____________(wash ) clothes? Yes ,she is. 三、句型转换: 1. They are doing housework . (分别改成一般疑问句和否定句) _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 2.The students are cleaning the classroom . (改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答) _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 3.I’m playing the football in the playground . (对划线部分进行提问) _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 4.Tom is reading books in his study . (对划线部分进行提问) _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 本文来源:https://www.wddqw.com/doc/57036435a46e58fafab069dc5022aaea988f4176.html