分词是一种非谓语动词。他有两种形式，即现在分词和过去分词。现在分词由动词原形加ing构成，过去分词则是在动词原形的词尾加ed构成。 1． 现在分词和过去分词 现在分词表示主动的意思，而过去分词表示被动 Burning forest burned skin 现在分词表示动作正在进行，而过去分词表示动作的完成。 Developing countries developed countries 2.现在分词和过去分词的两种形式 及物动词 主动语态 现一般式 Writing 在分完成式 Having 词 written 被动语态 Being written Having been written 过去分词 1. 完成式 现在分词的完成形式主要用在状语中，表示这个动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。例如 Having done his homework, the boy began to watch TV. Having watered the vegetables, the farmer took a short rest. 2. 被动式 1 不及物动词go Going Having gone Written Gone 现在分词的被动式不仅表示被动的动作， 而且表示这个动作正在发生， 或者这个动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生。现在分词的被动形式主要作定语，状语和宾语补足语。 The bridge being built there will be one of the longest in China. This is one of the experiments being carried on in our laboratory. 2． 完成被动式 现在分词的完成被动式不仅表示被动的动作， 而且表示这个动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。这种形式常做状语。例如 Having been given such a good chance, how could she give it up? Having been told that some guests were coming, she shopped all morning in that super market. 独立主格结构 分词短语所表示的动作在逻辑上有主语，这种主语皆可在同一句子中找到，即分词的逻辑主语应与句子主语一致。例如： The young woman standing there is our new English teacher. Having finished his work, he went out to play volleyball. 但是有时分词短语有它自己的独立主语，这种主语常常是名词或代词，放在分词短语之前，这种结构叫做独立主格结构。独立主格结构常用做状语。 Their room was on the first floor, its broad window overlooking the park. We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. This done, we went home. 有的分词短语在句子中可以独立存在，没有逻辑主语，他们往往已经变成习惯用语，如 Generally speaking, this book is not very difficult. 2 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/57868206ccc789eb172ded630b1c59eef8c79ae2.html