-----WORD格式--可编辑--专业资料----- 10. Translation of EST 科技英语的特点与翻译 科技英语一般是指科技著述、科技论文和报告、实验报告和方案等文字资料的书面英语。科技英语文体通常有如下几个特点。 I. 词汇特点 1． 专业术语 日常用语 专业术语 Fish 鱼 接合板，夹板 Plan Coat Bed Foot Body 计划 外衣 床 脚 身体 平面图 镀层 底座，机床身 支座 机身 plot plan 建筑总图 Damping 阻尼 Resistance 力学 “阻力” 电学 “电阻” Resistance to heat 耐热性 Resistance to wear 耐磨性 Hydroxide 氢氧化物 Ease quantitative easing 量化宽松货币政策 Isotope 同位素 Carrier 邮递员-邮政业 航空母舰 – 军事 搬运工 – 运输业 载体– 化学 带菌者、媒介物—医药学 底盘—车辆制造 载波 – 无线电 托架、传导管—机械 --完整版学习资料分享---- -----WORD格式--可编辑--专业资料----- 2.非专业词汇 科技文体除使用专业词汇和术语外，还大量使用普通词汇，这时，普通词汇词义多样，用法灵活。 Two metal surfaces rubbing together cause friction and heat; but if they are separated by a thin film of oil, the friction and heat are reduced. 两个金属面相擦，就会产生摩擦和热；但如果在它们之间抹上薄薄的一层油，就可以减少摩擦，降低热度。 Whichever the two two-way switches（双路开关） are left, one of the wires is “alive” and the other is dead. 无论两个双路开关合在那一边。两根导线中总有一根是带电的，一根是不带电的。 Such a ring of conductors is called an electric circuit. 导体的这样一个环路称为电路。 II. 词法特点 科技英语的一个明显特点是名词化倾向，即广泛使用名词词组，简化句子结构，追求言简意赅的效果。 oil pump 油泵 network information centre 网络信息中心 test -tube baby 试管婴儿 the automation of information management and office automation 信息管理和办公室管理的自动化 room temperature 室温 Power generation 发电 The problem is now under intensive study. 这个问题目前正在广泛研究之中。 Organic matter (有机物) may accumulate on sands because of the shortage of lime（石灰）. 由于缺少石灰，有机物可能积存在砂土上。 Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves. 电视通过无线电波发射和接收活动物体的图像。 The rotation of the earth on its own axis (轴) causes the change from day to night. 地球绕轴自转，引起昼夜变化。 The slightly porous nature of the surface of oxide film allows it to be colored with either organic or inorganic dyes. 1）It produces a great quantity of oil which can be made into food for human consumption. 这样，就能生产出大量的油，供人们食用。 2）Because it burns brightly, it is used for illumination. 因为它燃烧时非常明亮，也可以用来照明。 III. 大量使用图表、公式。 表示假设前提 let, suppose, assume, imagine Let ∠ABC be an angel of 90°. Suppose that a ray of light is directed from below the surface in Figure 4.1. Given that … Refer to Find/determine Neglect IV.语法形式上，该文体属于正式文体，所以，句子结构完整，长句多。时态运用以一--完整版学习资料分享---- -----WORD格式--可编辑--专业资料----- 般现在时和过去时（实验报告）为主；由于文章通常以论证对象为描述主体，所以被动语态广泛使用。 大量使用被动语态 It is asked that …有人会问…… It is well known that …众所周知…… It is asserted that … 有人主张…… It is noticed that … 人们注意到…… Metals are widely used in industry. Electrons are known to be minute negative charges of electricity. 大家知道，电子是极为微小的负电荷。 Even the pressure stays the same, great changes in air density are caused by changes in temperature. The mechanical energy can be changed back into electrical energy by a generator. 练习： （一） 译文优劣辨析 Extra privacy could be obtained by engaging a “drawing-room” at the end of the car, which would accommodate up to three, but at a higher supplement. In these cars it was also necessary to use common wash-rooms at the car end. 译文a：车厢尽头设有专供私用的高级卧车包厢，里面可容纳三人，但要另计收费。这类车厢还在尽头设有公共洗手间，可供乘客使用。 译文b：在车厢两头的休息室可得到很大程度的隐秘，那里可以容纳三个人，但要收更高的附加费用。在这些车厢必须使用车厢两头的公用洗手间。 Maglev’s uniqueness necessitates careful consideration in the development of the operating expense model. Not only does the technology depart from the steel-wheel-on-steel-rail norm of the other options, but also no example of revenue intercity corridor service yet exists anywhere in the world. 译文a：磁浮列车的独特性务必在规划运营费用模式时予以认真考虑。不仅它的技术规范有别于其他“轮轨”式运营模式，而且世界上至今尚无一条城际磁浮路线运营盈利先例。 译文b：磁浮列车的独特性必须在发展运作费用模式上做认真考虑。不仅它的技术有别于其他“轮轨”运作方式，并且世界上也无成际通道运营业务的先例。 The Financial Times said that McDonald's revealed a new reading on the level of the potentially harmful substance under new U.S. government rules on food labels to specify the level of the trans fat in food products. 反式脂肪酸 trans fatty acid或trans fats --完整版学习资料分享---- 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/5bc970e8b5360b4c2e3f5727a5e9856a57122662.html